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as Translation Unit......... 21
3.4 Semantic Relations among Chunks......... 22
Chapter Four Syntactic Realization of Semantic Relations......... 24
4.1 Chunks as Attributes......... 24
4.1.1 Chunks Describing Quality and State of an Entity......... 25
4.1.2 Chunks Describing Manners and Instruments ......... 26
4.2 Chunks as Location .........28
4.3 Chunks Denoting Logical Relations......... 30
Chapter Five Conclusion .........33

Chapter Four Syntactic Realization of Semantic Relations and Its Application

4.1 Chunks as Attributes
Attribute relation is the semantic relation with one chunk describing the quality or stateof the other. Although attribute relations exist in both English and Chinese, the positions ofthe chunks representing this kind of semantic relations in the two languages may bedifferent.Chunks as attributes include those describing the quality or state of an entity and thosedescribing the manner or instrument of an act. In English, there are diversified forms torealize attribute relation, such as a word, a phrase，a participle or even a clause, but inChinese, the attribute is usually represented by a word or a phrase. Besides, their positionsin the two languages may be different. In English, attributes may be put before or after theheadwords, while in Chinese attributes are usually put before the headwords. The reasonsarc analyzed as below.
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Conclusion

English and Chinese are quite different in sentence structures. In general, as ahypotactic language, English prefers adopting long complex sentences while Chineseprefers the use of short sentences as a typical paratactic language. (Lian Shuneng，2008)The differences of the two languages add difficulties to English-Chinese translation. Withthe syntactic features of the two languages and the former studies on the translation of thetwo languages, such as sequential translation, reverse translation, splitting and combinationbeing reviewed, this thesis comes up with a new perspective in translating English longsentences into Chinese.This thesis mainly investigates the translation of English long sentences under theguidance of Construction Grammar. After discussing the notion “generalization” and thetranslation unit-“chunk”，the semantic relations among chunks are analyzed to explore thetechniques of translating English long sentences and to seek the inner drive for thosemethods.
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Reference (omitted)

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