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Research and innovation could also assist this problem area as well as with all the previously related issues (mentioned before). The Vaal-Triangle also shows a major advantage in this respect as there are various such facilities in the proximity. Therefore, information is easily accessible and the opportunity of generating entrepreneurs has an increasing figure attached to it. The disadvantage that remains however is the high costs involved in these sectors.

Energy on the other hand is another remaining disadvantage for this region. The increasing costs are affecting a much broader spectrum than just firms and have an extreme negative impact for sustainable economic growth and development. If these industries in question could enter a more competitive market and allow the monopoly to fall away, then maybe an increase in production and other prevailing factors could occur to benefit the large unemployment sector that remains an unanswered question.

Regarding regional policies and how they could assist economic activity it is argued that rather than creating additional policies, Southern African countries should focus on improving their investment climate from an operational perspective. To do so the economic foundations and fiscal management should be strengthened, infrastructure should be improved, and once again, power and water supply also needs to be upgraded. This, for example, will be a far greater incentive for foreign investors than foreign investment schemes that provide tax cuts and the like. Also, promoting a system of investment routes can assist in closing down space, improving access to services and opportunities.

Routes with high levels of access and continuity should become a focus for activity and economic development. Due to continuity and high levels of access along these routes, activities respond to varying levels of access by choosing points which suit their requirements. Public transport rhythms combines with the rhythms of accessibility are key elements.

In conclusion, the Vaal-Triangle should both specialize more in the manufacturing sector and diversify its markets to allow other sectors to compliment growth and development on an economic level. Is not a reactive concept but involves creating new patterns of access and opportunity.