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世界经济中的外国直接投资

当我们讨论外国直接投资时,重要的是要区分外国直接投资流量和外国直接投资储备。外国直接投资流量是指在一定时期内(通常是一年)外商直接投资的数量。外国直接投资储备是指在给定的时间内外国资产的累计总额。我们常谈论到的外国直接投资流出量是指外国直接投资从一个国家输出的数量。

外国直接投资的发展是增长还是下降?为什么?

在过去20年，世界经济的外商直接投资流量和储备已经有了显著的增加。外国直接投资的年平均输出量从1975年的约250亿美元增加到1998年创纪录的6440亿美元。外国直接投资的流量不仅在19世纪的80、90年代加速发展，而且它还高于世界贸易的增长速度。

这里有几个原因可以解释为什么FDI的增长超过世界贸易和世界输出。尽管我们见证了过去30年里贸易壁垒的普遍下降，但企业仍有一些对保护主义压力的担心。

Foreign Direct Investment In The World Economy Economics Essay

When discussing foreign direct investment, it is important to distinguish between the flow of FDI and the stock of FDI. The flow of FDI refers to the amount of FDI undertaken over a given period (normally a year). The stock of FDI refers to the total accumulated value of foreign-owned assets at a given time. We also talk of outflows of FDI, meaning the flow of FDI out of a country.

HAS FDI BEEN GROWING OR DECLINING? WHY?

During the past 20 years there has been a marked increase in both the flow and stock of FDI in the world economy. The average yearly outflow of FDI increased from about $25 billion in 1975 to a record $644 billion in 1998. Not only did the flow of FDI accelerate during the 1980s and 1990s, but it also accelerated faster than the growth in world trade.

There are several reasons why FDI is growing more then the world trade and world output. Despite the general decline in trade barriers that we have witnessed for the past 30 years, there is still some fear among businesses of protectionist pressures. Some executives see FDI as a way of circumventing future trade barriers. Secondly, much of the recent increase in FDI is being driven by the dramatic political and economic policy changes that have been occurring in many of the world’s developing countries such as the aggressive promotion of industrial investment using fiscal and other incentives.

The globalization of the world economy is also having a positive impact on the volume of FDI. Firms such as Electrolux now see the whole world as their market, and they are undertaking FDI in an attempt to make sure they have a significant presence in every region of the world. It is important to note that many firms now want to have production facilities close to their customers.

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