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y international determinants of the quality of life are “crime rates, the quality of public schools, the availability and cost of housing and healthcare”. Similarly, these same determinants are also applicable to the decision-making process that firms have to make regarding location. These determinants are contributing factors to firms and their competitiveness but also a means to improve the quality of life for a population as a whole.

 

Research and innovation:

 

Constant innovation is also required to keep markets and regions in a competitive light. This could be measured by the number of science and technology graduates, as well as the monetary value spent on research and development. Research and development are generally situated close to large universities and in technology clusters operated by businesses. Glen (2008:40) states that in many such regions the cluster these kinds of activities have proven successful. Visser et al (2004:18) also comply with this topic and add that lower informational costs, greater levels of innovation, knowledge transfer, and expansion of productive capacity is possible through inter-firm sharing.

 

Economic Policies Contributing to Regional Location:

 

One of the key principles that regional governments have to embrace is that industrialization and urbanisation does not rely on market forces alone. On the contrary, it materialises from a visible set of well coordinated policies that aim to stimulate and support learning and innovation within the firm and the economy. Visser et al (2004:21) also notes that if institutional structures and policies at an industrial level do not complement the needs of firms at the micro level it is pointless to hope that they may favourably influence firm-level behaviour at a market level.

 

“In terms of basic conditions affecting market structure, the single greatest obstacle to intra-regional trade is transaction costs faced by individual firms” (Visser et al, 2004:10). Market access is largely hindered as a result of excessive transaction costs. There are still many features that may constitute barriers to intra-regional trade. Of these the lists of sensitive products are probably the most obvious, but the uncertainty associated with the range of invisible non-tariff barriers is likely to be the most noteworthy obstacle to integration.

 

The five most important non-tarrif barriers according to Visser et al (2004:10), that impede trade in the region, are communication problems; customs procedures and charges; transport problems; lack of market information; other border procedures; services (financial, electricity, technical support); and standards and technical restrictions.

 

Inter-firm organisational restructuring may assist with some of these prevailing issues a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。