摘要:本文是一篇英国留学生论文,本文重点研究的是英国 “消费支出”的趋势和对其趋势的分析。在18世纪和19世纪时期,英国是世界上第一个实现工业化的国家,伦敦仍然被认为是世界四大金融中心之一。
not treated as capital formation, in particular consumer durables, that continue to perform their function in several accounting periods; this includes the transfer of ownership of some durables from an enterprise to a household
ü Financial services directly charged and the part of financial intermediation services indirectly measured used for final consumption purposes by households;
ü
Insurance services by the amount of the implicit service charge
ü Pension funding services by the amount of the implicit service charges
ü Payments by households for licences, permits, etc. which are regarded as purchases of services
ü The purchase of output at not economically significant prices, e.g. entrance fees for a museum
2. Final consumption expenditure of NPISHs includes two separate categories:
ü The value of the goods and services produced by NPISHs except own-account capital formation and expenditure made by households and other units
ü Expenditures by NPISHson goods or services produced by market producers that are supplied-without any transformation-to households for their consumption as social transfers in kind
3. Final consumption expenditure by government includes two categories of expenditures:
ü The value of the goods and services produced by general government itself, other than own-account capital formation and sales. Market output and payments for the other non-market output
ü Purchases by general government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households, without any transformation, as social transfers in kind. This implies thatgenerally government just pays for goods and services that the sellers provide to households.
Corporations do not make final consumption expenditures. Their purchases of the same kind of goods or services as used by households for final consumption are either used for intermediate consumption or provided to employees as compensation of employees in kind, i.e. imputed household final consumption expenditure. Even where, for example through
advertising, they finance individual consumption, this expenditure is treated as intermediate.
Also it should be noted that the household final consumption expenditure excludes:
ü Social transfers in kind, like expenditures initially incurred by households but subsequently reimbursed by social security, e.g. some medical expenses
ü Items treated as intermediate consumption or gross capital formation, like :
? expenditures by households owning unincorporated enterprises when incurred for business purposes-e.g. on durable goods such as vehicles, furniture or electrical equipment and also on non-durables such as fuel
* expenditure that an owner-occupier incurs on the decoration, maintenance and repair of the dwelling not typically carried out by tenants (treated as intermediate consumption in producing housing services)
* the purchase of dwellings (treated as gross fixed capital formation)
* expenditure on valuables (treated as gross capital formation)
ü Items treated as acquisitions of a non-produced assets, in particular the purchase of land
ü All those payments by households which are to be regarded as taxes, such as licences to own vehic
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