资本主义的优点和缺点分析Essay [5]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-10-09编辑:yangcheng点击率:7933
论文字数:3183论文编号:org201410031215081563语种:英语 English地区:加拿大价格:免费论文
关键词:资本主义CapitalismEconomics Essay受利益动机缺点优点
摘要:本文是一篇针对资本主义的优点和缺点分析的Economics Essay,资本主义的历史可以追溯到原始社会。在此期间,生活被说成是简单的和有组织的,“过去的好时光”。自给农业,狩猎和捕鱼形成了原始社会的基础。在这个社会所有的决定都是由部落首领和他的辅导员进行。
In today’s world it is hard to pinpoint a pure capitalist state since many capitalist countries does not possess all the features of pure capitalism. A pure capitalist state is one with no government intervention and its demand and supply are left in what Adam Smith called “Invisible Hand”. However, it’s private ownership and a profit driven motive shows that such an economy is competitive in nature. Therefore the question still remains why it’s impossible to locate a pure capitalist state? But does one exist or have ever existed before?
It was observed that over the years capitalism has pass through many phrases which forced capitalist economies to amend or adjust their rules under which they reside. These changes put capitalist states either more too pure socialism or more to pure capitalism.
Private ownership
Private ownership is one of the most important factors in capitalist state that adds fuel to a competitive and market oriented economy. Significant changes in the shares of public and private ownership of property can alter the nature of a capitalist economic system [13] . Indeed if the state owned a major share of existing property, we would no longer classify the system as capitalist.”
Working participation
Owners of capital (proprietors, partners and shareholders) are rewarded out of their profits while workers are paid with wages which does not vary with profits. The higher the profits of a firm the greater the returns of proprietors, partners and shareholders whereas workers’ wages remains fixed regardless of the fluctuation of profits.
If workers (driven by their own self-interest) were allow to increase profits of the enterprise operating within the capitalist state – this would considered that capitalism has evolved from its basic form.
It has change today – if workers’ income depends on the profits of a firm then that becomes a self-motivation hence they would be more interest in the profitability of the firm.
Government intervention
Fiscal Policies: fiscal policy is discussed as government budget deficit (government expenditures less government revenue). It is also government spending or taxes to stimulate the economy. If aggregate income is too low (actual income is below potential income), the appropriate fiscal policy is expansionary fiscal policy [14] : increase the deficit by decreasing taxes or increasing government spending. If aggregate income is too high (actual income is above potential income), the appropriate fiscal policy is contractionary fiscal policy: decrease the deficit by increasing taxes or decreasing government spending. [15]
Welfare: In the late 1930s and the 1940s, workers dominated the political agenda [16] . During this time the capitalist economies developed an economic safety net that included government funded programmes such as public welfare, unemployment insurance, and established an extensive set of regulations affecting all aspects of the economy.” This safety net is frequently found in capitalist economies globally since its make available a form of security for the population (working class).
Minimum Wage Laws: Government has enforced the minimum wage law which also kept the market from operating by itself. The government causes wage rigidity [17] when it prevents wages from falling to equilibrium levels. Minimum-
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