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在20世纪中期，社会学家马克思创造了“资本主义”一词，他暗示财产或者所有企业的私有制。今天，经济学家定义资本主义为一种以商品生产工具和货物分布方式私有制为基础，以自由竞争市场和追求利益动机为特点的经济系统。要想找到一个纯粹的资本主义国家，这在今天几乎是不可能的。由于它的缺点，像任何不能说是最终的系统中其他系统资本主义，它不能在人类事务中治愈缺陷或消除所有不平等[2]。然而资本主义生产方式之所以还能存在我们社会中，是因为它改变着并推动我们社会进一步发展。

历史

资本主义的历史可以追溯到原始社会。在此期间，生活被说成是简单的和有组织的，“过去的好时光”。自给农业，狩猎和捕鱼形成了原始社会的基础。在这个社会所有的决定都是由部落首领和他的辅导员进行。

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Capitalism Economics Essay

INTRODUCTION

In the mid-1900s, sociologist Karl Marx coined the term “capitalism” which he implies to be any private ownership of property or enterprise. Today economists define capitalism as an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods [1] , characterized by free competitive market and motivation by profit. It is next to impossible to locate a pure capitalist country today. Like any other system capitalism cannot be described as the ultimate system, due to its disadvantages, it is not a cure for every defect in human affairs or for eradicating all inequalities [2] . However, it is still in our society because of its ability to change and further develop countries.

HISTORY

Capitalism dates back as early as the primitive society. During this period, life was said to be simple and organized, “the good old days”. Subsistence farming, hunting and fishing formed the basis of a primitive society. In this society all decisions were made by a tribal leader and his counselors. As a result of this decision-making process the barter system was developed. With the barter system it was possible to exchange one commodity for another. This system had its disadvantages, which were later recognized, since not all commodities could have been equally valued for the commodities in exchange.

Following the expansion of the primitive society was the slavery system. In this environment masters and slaves exist. Factors of production were owned by the masters and wealth was accumulated for the masters by the slaves through cultivation. Attempting to alleviate revolts a negotiation was made, slaves would be entitled to a portion of the produce if they continue to cultivate the land. This system now became known as Feudalism and the masters became known as Lords while the slaves became Serfs.

The earliest forms of capitalism – which we call “mercantilism” – originate in Rome, the Middle East, and the early middle Ages [3] . Mercantilism is an early modern European economic theory and system that actively supported the establishment of colonies that would supply materials and markets and relieve home nations of dependence [4] of other nations. As the Roman Empire expanded so did mercantilism. As time went on in Europe, mercantilism gradually evolved into economic practices that would eventually be called capitalism [5] . These economic practices are termed commercialism, industrialism and monopolism.

FEATURES OF CAPITALISM

Property Rights: Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of all non-labor factors of production. The owners of these private properties have the power to control these factors of production as well as the goods and services produced from s