摘要:这篇文章主要阐述小额信贷对坦桑尼亚中小型企业(SMEs)发展的影响。从普瑞德坦桑尼亚有限公司和Akiba商业银行的个案分析来说明小额信贷的发展状况、取得成就以及存在不足。
t in December 2000. It was little wonder that the portfolio and the total asset base of the bank grew very rapidly during the early days of its launching.
SME and post loan changes
In this section general profile is provided for the sample of enterprises that were provided credit by Akiba commercial bank in terms of some key variables and the post loan changes in these variables. Also the uses of the loans and how these have affected the enterprises is discussed.
Sectoral composition:
Sectoral composition of Akiba Commercial bank borrowers of the sample shows the high extent of concentration of Akiba Commercial Bank on traders (retail and wholesale). No clear pattern is visible among the different categories of borrowers, i.e. new, repeat and dropout, in their sectors of business except for a slightly higher share of manufacturing among the repeat borrowers than new , with which it has supported various micro enterprise activities such as food vending, fish mongering, groceries, mitumbas (sale of second hand clothes), small scale diary cattle keeping, retail and distribution, tailoring, carpentry, masonry works, internet cafes, stationery shops, secretarial services, barber shops, hair salons, and small scale agriculture etc
Business experience of entrepreneurs:
Akiba Commercial Bank SME borrowers have a fair degree of experience in their respective businesses. Majority of the borrowers are involved in the business for more than 10 years. This conforms to the fact that the Akiba Commercial Bank look for customers with some amount of experience. Though majority of the borrowers took SME credit for the 7 business already about 9 years old, some 17 percent of the borrowers received credit for the businesses they had been doing for not more than 3 years.
Value of the business:
Average value of the businesses, measured by the amount for which the entrepreneur can sell the business, was Tsh 1.84 million before taking loan. Presently, the average value of the business of these enterprises is Tsh 2.49 million. Increase in value of enterprises has been higher for repeat borrowers than new borrowers, as expected, since they are operating for longer durations.
Sales volume:
Average yearly gross sales of the new, repeat and dropouts were Tsh 4.29, 5.61 and Tsh 6.47 million before taking loan. Since Akiba Commercial Bank is providing much needed working capital to these enterprises, volumes of sales have increased for almost every borrower. On average, present sales of these enterprises are respectively 40, 67 and 26 percent higher compared to pre-loan period.
Present loan size and future credit plans
Average size of the last loans of the repeat borrowers is understandably higher than that of the new borrowers and dropouts. On average, loan granted is about 85 percent of amount demanded by the borrowers, with enterprises in the service and trading sectors receiving relatively more (87-88% of amount requested) compared to those in manufacturing and agro processing sectors (82-83%). 80 percent of the total respondents (including dropouts) expressed their interest in taking future loans from Akiba commercial Bank
Uses and impact of loan
SME enterprises in Tanzania chiefly require financing for three purposes - for start-up, for working capital, and for fixed cap
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