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rson's expectations, his knowledge and the information that is available. This controversy is examined with respect to James J. Gibson (1966) who investigated the information that is actually presented to the perceptual systems. This theory of perception is a 'bottom-up' theory and this bottom up processing can be explained as data-driven processing or passive perception. This processing is one directional from the environment to the sensory inputs, with our brains carrying out more complex analysis of the inputs which affects our reaction or behaviour.

To summarise passive perception, the sequence of events are as follows:

'Surrounding -- input (senses) -- processing (brain) -- output (reaction/behaviour)'

Gibson believes that perception is sensation; therefore what you see is what you get. However, illusions and perceptual errors like overestimation cannot be explained with this theory. This is why our perceptions could be sometimes inaccurate. Even though this theory is still widely believed by most philosophers and psychologists, however it is slowly losing its stand as more and more people turn to believe in the next category - active perception instead.

Over the years, considerable amount of research has been done on the theory of active perception, most notably the works of Richard L. Gregory (1970). Gregory argued that this type of perception is an indirect theory of perceiving which is considered a 'top-down' theory and this theory can be explained as the process of recognising patterns with the use of contextual information. One simple example to explain this: figuring out illegible handwriting is much easier when reading a sentence compared to reading single and isolated words as the surrounding words will help in understanding the entire context. As discussed by Gregory, active perception is a process of trying to make a best guess by making inferences of what one see. He argued that past experiences and one's knowledge are crucial in perception. Thus, active perception can be summarised as a dynamic connection between 'Description (in the brain) and the senses and the surrounding, all of which holds true to the linear concept of experience.' What one perceives is a result of interplays between one's experiences and one's existing knowledge (the brain) and the surrounding. A lot of information that we gained from all our sensory organs are lost by the time they are transmitted to the brain. This results in our brain having to guess what one sees based on the above mentioned factors. According to Richard Gregory, through active perception, 'we are actively constructing our perception of reality. Our perceptions of the world are hypotheses based on our past experiences and stored information.' 

How Spatial Perception reflects Being     

The different ways in which we experience a painting, a sculpture, or a work of architecture reflects on each of our individual being. Our built environments are a reflection of ourselves. Architecture should express our aspirations and our sense of optimism about the future. Nothing can possibly show us better or clearer of our innermost self, being, other than the very own living space we create. It shows how we want things to be and what we really want in life-本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。