浅析美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义Brief Discussion on American Individualism and Chinese Collectivism [5]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:刘宝玲点击率:23965
论文字数:26000论文编号:org200904101135203730语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:prisoners of war (POW); American individualism; Chinese collectivisminnovation in science and technologyrule by law战俘美国的个人主义中国的集体主义科技创新法治
hina is going to change into an innovative-oriented state. The fact is that, according to World Economic Forum, China slides down to No. 48 with regard to the ability to innovate.
To sum up, according to the present
statistics and facts, we can get the message that Chinese ability to innovate in science and technology is not palatable. But the truth is that innovation in science and technology plays a decisive role in the productivity of one country.
What is more, environment degeneration requires that labor-intensive and highly polluted foreign industries shall be not allowed to enter China, which means our own IPR will be highly depended on. By doing so, we might be able to have the strong point of having the intellectual property rights of our core technology, not only with cheap labor.
At present, the “hard” environment for innovation has been established. The biggest challenge for China’s innovation exists in the culture, that is, the “soft” environment.
B. Slow Process in Rule by Law
It is widely accepted that there are two social genes China lacks: democracy and science. In Lu Xun’s words, they are Mr. De and Mr. Sai. And till now, Chinese culture still lacks the spirit of democracy, which is decisive for the improvement of rule by law.
You might have watched the film Qiuju’s Fighting the Legal Battle, directed by big-named director Zhang Yimou. This film told a story about a village woman Qiuju who was engaged in a legal dispute with the head of the village and at the end she won the case against village head but she was grateful for the village head for his helps. This film is the true mirror of the legal situation in China that although after many years’ efforts on legal system, China is traditionally more a country governed by ethics than a country governed by law.
In the Bible, Adam and Eve were seduced by the serpent and ate the fruit from the forbidden tree. Therefore, western people insist that man is born with the original sin and through one’s life, there must be some temptation. Thus, they try to prevent people’s evil deeds with law.
On the contrary, Chinese traditional culture holds that man is good by nature and the job for the government is to lead the people to be inclined to goodness. So, ancient China was a country ruled by ethics. Such type of ruling has two advantages: low cost and getting a complete cure. But it has two disadvantages at the same time: pliability and being bound to cause the rule by people. That is also the deep-seated reason for the corruption in China, for the officers have very great power which is not effectively restricted. What is more, the rule by people or ethics conforms to the needs of farming society but it does not conform to the needs of industry and information, for the market economy calls for good legal system.
III. Positive Roles of Individualism
A. Ability to Innovate
In one talk show, famous singer Li Lingyu shared her experience in America with the audience, “When I was in America, I went to Broadway everyday. You can feel the passion from the actor’s performance there, even though he stands in very corner of the stage with only his back in the audience’s sight. I did not get such strong and wonderful feeling in China before. That is what I got in America: the passion for work and love for life.”
What is the reason for such difference between Chinese and American attitudes to work and life? The deep reason must relate to social and cultural fields. Chinese
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