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imarily based on individual experience but they are culturally determined and will depending from particular culture. This has resulted in approximately 6,900 different languages spoken around the world.

 

Discourse analysis should be the starting point for any text comprehension, as it helps to overcome a variety of limitations, and it can enrich people's understanding of communication and social interactions. It is clear that discourse analysis can be applied to different disciplines, but this paper will focus on the linguistic approach that investigates the character of social and cultural language use.

According to Brown & Yule discourse analysis is interested in discussing:

"...how a recipient might come to comprehend the producer's intended message on a particular occasion, and how the requirements of the particular recipient(s) influence the organization of the producer's discourse (...) The discourse analyst is interested in the function or purpose of a piece of linguistic data and also how that data is processed, both by producer and by the receiver." (1983:24)

Thus, instead of taking into account a text's linguistic features and sentence level, discourse analysis also takes a closer look at the context in which language is used. As Beaugrande and Dressler argue: "text does not make sense by itself, but rather by the interaction of text-presented knowledge with people's stored knowledge of the 'world". (1981:12)

 

Brown & Yule points out:

"Any analytic approach in linguistic which involves contextual considerations, necessarily belongs to that area of language study called pragmatics. 'Doing discourse analysis' certainly involves 'doing syntax and semantics', but it primarily consist of 'doing pragmatics (...) In discourse analysis, as in pragmatics, we are concerned with what people using language are doing, and accounting for the linguistic features in the discourse as the means employed in what they are doing.") (...) That is, in using terms such as reference, presupposition, implicature and inference, the discourse analyst is describing what speakers and hearer are doing, and not the relationship which exist between one sentence or proposition and another." (1983: 26-27)

 

This essay investigates the anthropological conclusions about English sociality found in 'Humour Rules' in order to apply them correctly in a translation context so as to bring about a change in understanding English culture amongst Polish people. The analysis of the Appendix involves identifying different features in the text, such as discourses. A discourse refers to a particular theme in the text, such as those relating to national identities or values. For example, a sentence that stresses a claim - 'the underlying rule in all English conversations is the proscription of 'earnestness' or 'Humour Rules'.

Section 3 - Commentary on a Translation through Pragmatics
This section examines the relevance of pragmatics to translation studies. Language translation is a discipline that draws immensely from other disciplines such as cognition, biology, neurology, psychology, sociology, ethnology and anthropology amongst others, with linguistics and pragmatics being particularly important. The relationship between translation and pragmatics may seem abstruse but a close analysis of these two fields draws remarkable areas of interests.

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