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资源环境和修订GDP的经济核算 [5]

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-07-04编辑:felicia点击率:9006

论文字数:3201论文编号:org201407041357112941语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文

关键词:resources environmentnegative impactdepletion and deteriorationeconomy sustainable developmentgreen GDP

摘要:随着社会的不断发展,经济发展速度越来越快,GDP水平不断提高,但是随之而来的是资源的大量浪费和环境的无休止破坏,国外的发展经验告诉我们,经济的发展不能以牺牲环境为代价。本文通过分析GDP与环境之间的关系,探索出可持续发展的道路。


2. Depletion of resources and the environment means that the original accumulation of social wealth, the net reduction in the increased value is virtual and must be deducted from GDP. The formula is as follows: current resources and environment resources depletion volume = beginning of environmental assets + current increase in resources and environmental assets - current consumption of resources and environmental assets. According to current environment, depletion of different resources, the amount multiplied by the corresponding price or value of resources and the environment, namely the kinds of resources, the economic value of environmental depletion, the total amount deducted from current GDP.


3. The loss of environmental resources, the cost of resources and environmental quality from deterioration or decline caused, it leads directly to reduction in the accumulation of social wealth, should be deducted from GDP. The formula is:

Current cost of a loss of resources and the environment of the kinds of resources = current environmental degradation or decreased quality and quantity of resources and environment × corresponding market price or the price or estimated price of ecological


Due to natural disasters, economic losses, should be a specific analysis. For example, the 1998 Yangtze River, Songhua River and Nen River Valley Flood outbreak, the direct economic losses of 255 billion yuan (China Daily, 1999), because of this flood is a hundred years, the direct losses due to natural disasters, so that The amendment to the GDP loss amortization approach can be taken, that a certain number of years, the average share in losses each year GDP, and deducted from that year's GDP. But on the other the normal loss of natural disasters such as typhoon damage, the loss of red tide, geological disaster losses in the year should be a direct deduction of GDP.


4. Resources and the environment restoration costs, recycling costs and protection costs, as these costs occur, and did not lead to the improvement of resources and environmental quality or quantity increase, and only to make resources and environment to maintain or restore to the original level, so that it does not create new social wealth. The current GDP accounting process, put the cost of such restoration, regeneration cost and the protection costs are included in the GDP, the greater the formation of disaster recovery → → more inputs can be driven higher GDP growth in the cycle, seems to be beneficial to the disaster, No wonder 1998 Dahong disaster, some scholars to demonstrate the reconstruction of the pulling effect of the GDP. Therefore, this part of the input costs must be deducted from GDP. Of course, on resources and environment to take the restorative, protective measures, not all simple repair, regeneration, and will be improved on the original basis, to improve, for this part of the investment, should not be deducted from GDP,.


5. Resources and environment of the replacement cost and opportunity cost are for the protection of resources from depletion and deterioration of the environment occurs, a value of sacrifice, in the course of the current GDP accounting has been a true and properly reflected, therefore, no need for further adjustment.


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