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2. 1. 1 Definitions of Language Anxiety
Anxiety is regarded as one of the most important affective factors and language anxietyis a unique, complicated psychological phenomenon in the language learning. It is believedthat anxiety is one of the affective factors under the umbrella of second languageacquisition.(Ellis 1994) Some studies have proved that the external typical response of theforeign language anxiety is the general symptom of anxiety such as sweaty palm, abdominalpain, the pulse rate and heart beats rise and so on. And more, foreign language anxiety mayexpress their anxiety through following behaviors for further reactions: voice tone sandhi,cannot normally given voice and the rhythm of language, the feeling of " frozen" in answeringquestions, forget the vocabulary just learned, speechless or keep silence.(Young 1992) Inextreme conditions, students may skip class, avoid eye contact with teachers or no preparationin advance. Overall, the anxious students are passive in the classroom activity or answeringquestions and deliberately avoid the complicated sentence structures while the relaxedstudents show great enthusiasm. Scovel (1978) defines anxiety in language learning as anemotional state of " apprehension, a vague fear that is only indirectly associated with anobject". Burger (1997) defined anxiety as a kind of nervous, emotional state with a sense offear is an experience of tension, worry, agitation and panic and other negative states andfeelings strongly negative emotions out of this stress response. Zhu Zhixian (1989) defines theanxiety as a passive emotion that people's mental block of dissatisfaction of their goals orexpectations and self-esteem frustration or the nervousness of failure.

Chapter 3 Research Methodology and Design.......... 24-28
    3.1 Participant.......... 24-25
    3.2 Materials.......... 25-26
        3.2.1 Writing scripts.......... 25
        3.2.2 Rating scales.......... 25-26
    3.3 Rating experiment design.......... 26-27
    3.4 Data collection for FACETS.......... 27-28
Chapter 4 Data Analyses and Results ..........28-49
    4.1 Primary multi-faceted Rasch analysi.......... 28-36
    4.2 Rater-category bias analyses..........36-43
    4.3 Rater-writer bias analyses.......... 43-47
    4.4 Exploration of systematic rater bias patterns ..........47-49
Chapter 5 Discussion ..........49-56
    5.1 Discussion on research questions.......... 49-53
        5.1.1 Discussion on reliability of two rating sessions ..........49-50
        5.1.2 Discussion on rater-category bias interactions.......... 50-52
        5.1.3 Discussion on rater-writer bias interactions ..........52
        5.1.4 Discussion on systematic bias patterns.......... 52-53
5.2 Discussion on severity and difficulty via mean scores..........53-56

Conclusion

The reliability and validity of the research instruments in this study need fur本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。