英语论文网

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15. Im' pleased at the good news.我听到好消息很高兴。比: Im' pleased at his work.我看见他的工作很满意。Im' pleased with your work.我对你的工作很满意。第一、二句at表示action与reaction;是动态。译为汉语动词“听见”(news)“看到”(work)。第三句with(work)表示“有”工作的存在,转义为因为你的工作而感到满意,with是表示静态。
16. Seeing a rascal corning on her. She trembled with fear.看见流氓过来,她因恐惧而发抖。W ith由“有恐惧的心理”转义为“因恐惧”。再如:His lips quivered with rage. With等于恐惧。
17. African children died with cold and hungry.比:Others died of Cholera.比: Still others died from wounds. With, of, from在这三个句里都表示由“有”的概念转义为“由于”,但是英语用不同的介词说明不同的原因,with说明原因(cold, hungry)在人的身体结构中为最近因; of由原义“来自”转义为常因,就是较过因; from的原义也是“来自”,但比of较远,所以表示远因,不常有的原因。如:老舍, The author of the play Tea House died from political persecution.比: Some Iraqi died of war.
18. Chinas' speed of modernization is increasing with the reform and open to the outside.中国的现代化速度与日俱增。with的含义是“同时”译义为“俱”(增),其中还有“成为正比例”的意思,类例:The rich mans' greed grows with his wealth. (= The more money the rich man makes, the more greedy he becomes. ) BillGats 'popularity keeps rising with the development of software. The conductivity of semi-conducts increase with heating and falls with cooling.半导体的电导率随温度上升而增加,随温度降低而减小。
19. With some people money is more important than reputation.对于某些人金钱比名誉更重要。with在这句的上下文里表示“在某些人方面”,其含义为“立场”、“观点”。W ith intellectuals, the acquisition and then use of knowledge is the-end-all-and -be-all of their lives.对于知识分子来说,求知识与运用知识是他们生命中的一切的一切。比: For that man knowledgeable and useful intellectuals were enemies.对于那个人来说有学问又有用的知识分子是敌人。汉语的译文“对”(来说)都等于英语中的with与for,但从英语的细微区别来看,应该这样区别他们的不同;用with时,只提一方面而不与别人作反比;用for时说话人有言外之意,即专指“只有他是这样看法,而别人则尊重知识,尊重人才”。A moneyed man said,“for you money is nothing;for me money is everything.”对你来说金钱什么都不是,对我来说金钱就是一切。A woman-hater says,“for you a woman is blessing; for me a woman is the root of all trouble.”对你而言,女人就是幸福;就我而言,女人是祸根。
20. He is very fond of her with all her faults.错译:她有毛病,他非常喜欢她。正译:她虽然有毛病(过失),但他仍然非常喜欢她。W ith all是固定搭配,含义是“虽然有…但…”。类例:With all your advantages, you are nota success. With all his power he pushed the nation hundreds of years backward.其特点是表示两相矛盾。
21. Be gentle with the baby.你抱着小孩要小心些。Be careful with the glass cups.你捧着玻璃杯要小心些。Be conscientious with your teaching work.你教书要负责。with在这三个句子里只有一个原义“一起”,即人与物或事物在一起;with与“小
孩”,“玻璃杯”,“教书工作”等来搭配才能产生具体意义,如“小心”,“负责”。
22. With these words he left.说完这几话他就走了。字面译“带着这儿句话他就走了。”With的含义是“同时”;“与说这几句话的同时”是强调“说完就走”。比: After three hours of teaching he felt tired and sleepy.教书三个钟头之后,他疲倦熟睡。这个句子用上了after, after的原义是“在…后”,这样的句子转义为“结果”即,教书三个小时的结果使他疲倦熟睡。类例: After three bowls of rice and two catties of pork he could hardly move himself吃完三碗米饭,二斤猪肉,他走不动了。after在两个动词之间表示因果。After fifteen years of prison I am satisfied with simple living and sympathetic with unfortunate people.这个句子开头的after短语表示原因,句子的其余部分表示结果。
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