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discuss the topic of Chinese learners’ acquisition ofEnglish. Lastly, the research findings and implications help Chinese learners avoid thenegative transfer of mother tongue.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Passives in Chinese
Chinese and English belong to two different language categories. Chinese is moreflexible than English as for the expression of meaning. Chinese speakers pay more attentionto information rather than the form governed by grammar rules. This is because the listenerscan mainly depend on the context to grasp what the speaker wants to convey. In this case,Chinese passive sentences possess more varied forms and are relatively more difficult todefine accurately. So it is quite natural that different people may have different understandingabout passives and even the terms they use are different. Someone use the term passive voicein their discussion, while it contradicts with the fact that Chinese voice differ from Englishcounterpart. Why? Passive voice is related to the inflection of the verbs yet Chinese does not.Besides, the way in which active voice turned into passive voice and vice versa is different,too. So the name given sounds a little bit misleading. Bei construction sentence is also namedin some other scholars' research. However, passive sentences do not necessarily have the mosttypical marker bei for there are some other markers like rang, gei, jiao, etc. Then how toexplain this inconsistency? In my point of view, the name passive sentence is more suitable asit includes not only sentences with atypical passive markers but also sentences with passivemeaning yet are in active form, such as 他的名字并不为所有人知道。（His name is notknown to all）屋子已经打扫干净了。(The room has already been well cleaned)As to the definition of passive sentences, Rao Changhong (1990) hold that sentencesmarked with the preposition bei belong to this category. The sentence structure should besb/sth + bei + sb/sth + verb, such as 玻璃被小明打碎了（The glass was broken by XiaoMing.) This definition is clearly too narrow to judge. Later Huang Borong and Liao Xudong(1997) gave the definition in a comparatively wider scope: bei sentence refers to the passivesentences in which the preposition like bei, jiao, rang is followed by the agent or bei beingused alone. These two definitions both cover bei sentence and they differ in markers. Thesecond type obviously has more meanings as well as collocations. In spite of their differences,the two still tend to take the syntactic approach to define passive sentences, sentences like 这本书值得一读（This book is worth reading.）belong to neither of the two.
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2.2 Passives in English
In English grammar, we have the term called passive voice and many Chinesegrammarians agree that voice refers to the verb form that manifests the relationship amongsubject, verb and object. Then the active voice is kind of verb form in which subject is thedoer of that action, while subject is the patient of the action in passive voice. In terms of thedefinition of English passive sentences, Zhang Zhenbang (2001:307) holds that passivesentences are the sentences that possess the passive voice of the verb clause served as thepredicate. And the most typical pattern of English passives is be+done or get+done. In thiscase, we generally conclude that though sharing something in common, passive voice andpassive sentences 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。