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achieved efficiently and fully.If it is verified to be effective,thisteaching model will be beneficial to English reading teaching.This thesis also provides aneffective way for first-line English teachers to put PADD class into practice,meaning thatPADD class is significant to the theoretical research and practical applications.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definition of High School Students’Learning Initiative

Well-known psychologist Lin Chongde considered that learning initiative refers to therelevant aspects concerning the psychology of learning(Lin,2003).It is mainly about anactive state that learners reflect while learning.At present,many scholars in our countryare in favor of the idea that learning initiative is a kind of psychology,which means thatstudents are learning autonomously and actively,without any external pushing.Still,thereare some scholars are against the opinion.For example,Yan(2006)hold the view thatlearning initiative reflects students’need of learning,which is a kind of external behavior.

In foreign scholars’view,learning initiative means students are learning bythemselves actively.There is no concrete concept defining learning initiative.Yet,thereare few scholars defined learning initiative as a teaching concept,meaning that studentsare the centers of the class and they are instructed to engage themselves in the learningactively.As mentioned above,learning initiative involves students’active learning andteachers’instruction.Joel Michael(2007)thought that learning initiative reflects students’autonomous learning under teachers’appropriate guidance.Gerald Nelms(2004)considered that it is necessary for teachers to offer guidance to students,which benefits inimproving students’learning initiative to a certain extent.

In a word,no matter at home or abroad,there are relatively few researches about theconcrete definition of learning initiative.On the basis of the current researches,this thesisdefines high school students’learning initiative as the following:high school students’learning initiative means students learn actively,concerning psychologically andbehaviorally in the learning process.

2.2 Introduction to PADD Class

In this part,the definition of PADD class and the principles of it are mentioned.

2.2.1 Definition of PADD Class

As Professor Zhang introduced,PADD is a new paradigm for classroom teaching,which combines strengths of lecturing and discussion(Zhang,2014).It is made up of twoparts,with half class time given to teachers’presentation and the other half for students’discussion.Between presentation and discussion,there is time for students’assimilation,whose purpose is for individualized and independent learning.After teachers’presentationand students’assimilation,students take part in the discussion part to share their“liang”“kao”“bang”,which means their respective gains,quiz for others as well as their ownpuzzles in this class.There are mainly two kinds of PADD teaching mode,includingin-class PADD and cross-class PADD.In-class PADD means that all the four steps arefinished in one class while in cross-class PADD,all the necessary steps can be finished intwo classes.

Hu(2021)did an application investigation of PAD-class in course of teaching ofcollege English.The results indicate that students’recognition of cross-class assimilationis lowe本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。