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Threat to Environment and Fisheries

A common concern of the states bordering the Straits of Malacca regarding shipping is oil discharged during routine passage of ships, and accidental oil spills from mishaps involving ships, particularly oil tankers.Malaysia and Indonesia are more concerned with this threat rather than Singapore because they depend on fisheries in the Straits of Malacca for protein and employment. 

Although tanker accidents are the most dramatic sources of oil pollution, routine discharge of bilges water, cleansing of ballast and oil tanks and leaks are also important sources of oil pollution. The increase in the number of ships passing through the Straits of Malacca has indeed increased the risk of threat to its environmental security. Although tackling ship based pollution is relatively easier than the land based pollution, it is more resource intensive. To catch a polluting ship deliberately carrying out either tank cleaning or ballasting operations in the act whilst underway through the Straits of Malacca requires much more enforcement resources at sea. Then there is the ever increasing risk of pollution by discharges of oil or other noxious substances caused by accidents as the Straits of Malacca get more congested.

Conclusion

The maritime security issues that occurred in the Straits of Malacca are mainly non-traditional threat including piracy, arm trafficking, drug trafficking, human trafficking and perceived maritime terrorism. Piracy is obviously a complex problem, and cooperation among multiple stakeholders is clearly the key to addressing this and other threats to maritime security. Beyond national and international security agencies, enforcement bodies, port authorities, and industry have important role to play. The orchestration of these actors, and of the governments which direct them, promises to be both complex and sensitive. Having examined the possible causes of piracy and the various measures taken by all the parties concerned, the problem of piracy can be resolved with cooperation among the stakeholders.

CHAPTER V

MILITARY INTELLIGENCE COOPERATION

Introduction

Over the years, ASEAN military intelligence cooperation has become an importantchannel that contributes to building the confidence, improving understanding and strengthening the cooperation between ASEAN militaries. The regional reality requires all ASEAN members to strengthen their cooperation andsupport each other to deal with the challenges effectively. The effective activities of sharing expertise and building confidence between ASEAN militaries is to recognize the right track of the basic of fundamental principles of ASEAN; respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of every country not to support the external interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN. Indeed, ASEAN are still facing countless unpredictable new arising issues and challenges in the future, more or less, may have impact on regional relations or destabilizing ASEAN. So ASEAN military intelligence must be ready to collabora本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。