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put Hypothesis
Stephen Krashen is an expert in the field of linguistics, especially in theories of languageacquisition and development. His theory of second language acquisition consists of five mainhypotheses. The five hypotheses are the affective filter hypothesis, the acquisition-learninghypothesis, the input hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis and the monitor hypothesis. TheInput Hypothesis is one of the five hypotheses proposed by Krashen in the 1970s and 1980s.Krashen originally formulated the input hypothesis as just one of the five hypotheses, butover time the term was also often used as a catch-all term to refer to all of the hypotheses as awhole.The Input Hypothesis is of vital importance to Krashen's second language acquisitiontheories. The hypothesis first tries to explain how humans acquire language. As Krashenstated in his theory, humans acquire language in only one way. That is by understandingmessages or by receiving comprehensible input. To put it in an easy way, languageacquisition depends on people's attempts to understand what other people are saying.Learners should focus on the meaning, but not on the form or the way people say it. If alearner hears a meaningful speech and makes efforts to understand it, acquisition will occur.If a learner concentrates on the forms of language, then acquisition will fail.
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2.2 Krashen’s Affective Filter Hypothesis
According to his Input Hypothesis, first reason isthat language learners have not received comprehensible input in enough quantities. Secondreason is that an improper affect is to blame. And he claimed that affect here includes thingssuch as motivation, attitude, self-confidence and anxiety.In order to solve the problem, Krashen proposed an Affective Filter. According to hisAffective Filter Hypothesis, low motivation, negative attitude, debilitating anxiety and lowself-esteem may accumulate to "raise" the affective filter. When this happens, they will forma "mental block” which prevents language input from being used for acquisition. That is tosay, on the one hand, if the affective filter is up, then language input is stopped from passingthrough. If language input is stopped from passing through, there can be no acquisition. Onthe other hand, if the filter is down, or low, and the input is comprehensible, it will reach theacquisition device and then acquisition will take place.
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Chapter Three Methodology .... 19
3.1 Objectives...... 19
3.2 Subjects ......... 19
3.3 Research Questions ......... 20
3.4 Research Instruments ...... 20
3.5 Research Procedure ......... 22
3.6 Data Collection and Analysis ...... 24
Chapter Four Results and Discussion ....... 26
4.1 Results and Discussion of the Questionnaire...... 26
4.2 Results and Discussion of the Interviews ..... 32
4.3 Results and Discussion of Pre-test and Post-test ...... 33
Chapter Five Pedagogical Implications .... 35
5.1 Implications for Foreign Language Teachers...... 35
5.2 Implications for Foreign Language Learners...... 39
5.2.1 Developing Learning Motivation......... 39
5.2.2 Building Self-confidence ......... 40
5.2.3 Reducing Learning Anxiety ..... 41
5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Researches...... 42

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