英语论文网

大学英语四级考试中vocabulary和structure共30小题占15分,其中语法试题约占60%。通过分析总结历次大学英语四级考试语法试题,笔者发现,动词不定式为语法考查重点之一。动词不定式就是“词典式”动词,即动词在词典中出现的形式[1]。不定式结构在句子中可作主语、主语补足语、动词宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等等。在此仅谈谈“秃头”不定式的使用问题。在英语中,不带“to”的不定式称为“单纯”或“秃头”不定式。其具体用法如下:
1.在will/would, shall/should, can/could, may/might,must, need, dare等情态动词之后,常接“秃头”不定式,自毋待言。
2.在had better, would rather, had best, would rather…than…, would sooner, would just as soon, might as wel,lcan’tbut (不得不)等后面都只能使用“秃头”不定式。如:I can’tbut agree to his terms.Iwould rather not see him.I’d rather have a room ofmy own, however small it is,than　　a room with someone else.A. to share　B. to have shared　C. shareD. sharing (2001/1, NO. 55)句中“would rather…than…”,“宁可…也不愿…”是一个典型的平行结构句型,would rather后面跟的是“秃头”不定式, than后边应接“秃头”不定式。故正确答案应为C。
3.在“动词+宾语+宾语补足语(不定式充当)”结构中,如果是表示感官意义的动词,如“see, hear, watch,fee,l smell”等,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如“have,make, let”等,那么后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应是“秃头”不定式。如果这些动词用于被动语态,不定式就得加“to”作主语补足语。如:I have heard both teachers and students　　well ofhim.A. to speak　B. spoken　C. to have spokenD. speak (1999/6.NO. 46)https://www.51lunwen.org/languagethesis/ (正确答案应为D)They are going to have the serviceman　　an electricfan in the office tomorrow.A. install　B. to install　C. to be installedD. installed (1998/1, NO. 44)(正确答案应为A)
4. help后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语可以为“秃头”不定式(美国英语的用法),也可以为带“to”的动词不定式。
5.如果介词“but, except”之前的结构里有动词“do”的某种形式,那么“but, except”之后就必须接“秃头”不定式,如果没有动词“do”的任何形式,则必须接带“to”的不定式。如:Thatwas so serious amatter that I had no choice but　　the police. (1996/1,NO. 24)A. called in　B. calling　C. call inD. to call in(正确答案应为D)
6.“why…?”“Why not…?”后动词不定式的使用。Why后接“秃头”不定式可用来引导疑问句,这样提出的问题通常是表明做某事是愚蠢的,或无意义的。why not后接“秃头”不定式用来提出建议或劝告。如:Why stand up if you can sitdown?Why not take a holiday?
7.如果主语是由all+定语从句, something, anything,everything, nothing+定语从句,what引导的主语从句,或“all+不定式结构”等充当,并带有动词“do”的某种形式,用作主语补足语的动词不定式可为“秃头”不定式或带“to”的动词不定式。如:I felt that the kindest thing I could do now would be(to) walk away. (《大学英语》精读Unit1)
8.在一些固定搭配中,如“make do,make believe, letdrop, let fal,l let fly, letdrive, letgo o,f let there be, hearsay, hear tel,l leave go of”等,通常用“秃头”不定式。如:I’ve heard tell ofhim.He letgo of the rope.Hemade believe hewas innocent.

参考文献:
[1]　章振邦.新编英语语法教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 2004.
[2]　C.E埃克斯利, J.M埃克斯利.综合英语语法[M].石家庄:河北人民出版社, 1984.本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。