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摘　要:英语演讲作为一门艺术,演讲者要在掌握好英语语音基础知识和具有一定的英语语言技能基础上充分利用英语语音修辞的优势才能取得成功。英语语音修辞在英语演讲中起着举足轻重的重要作用。英语演讲是集文化素养、心理素质、语言表达能力、表演艺术等于一体的高超的技能技巧,是演讲者借助声音来达到成功的一门艺术。演讲者要把握好英语语音基础知识的运用,如:音的连读、不完全爆破、音的弱化、音的同化、音长、语调等;发音清晰,吐词准确,声音传播的力度到位,有控制听众注意力的气势,否则就会出现意不能传神,英语韵味不足,感染力不强等毛病,演讲水平的发挥将受到很大的限制。在有了扎实的英语功底基础上巧妙地运用语音修辞是提高演讲技能的关键,作为外语学习者,提高演讲技能更应该从语音修辞上去寻求突破点,才能多快好省地掌握好英语演讲的诀窍。本文拟从分析名家在演说中如何恰当地运用语音修辞的角度出发探讨英语语音修辞在英语演讲中的重要作用。一、名篇演说分析第二次世界大战爆发,温斯顿·丘吉尔出任英国首相,领导英国人民对德作战,1941年6月德军入侵苏联后,他立即发表声明援助苏联,以下是他的广播讲话的一部分:“I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold oftheir native land,guarding the fields which their fathers havetilled from time immemorial.I see them guarding their homeswhere mothers and wives pray for the safety of their loved ones….I see the ten thousand villages of Russia….I seeadvancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi warmachine,with its clanking,heel-clinking,dandifiedPrussian officers…I see also thedull,drilled,docile,brutishmasses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm ofcrawling locusts.I see the German bombers and fighters in thesky,…Behind all this glare,behind all this storm,I seethat small group of villainous men…“I have to declare the decision of his MajestyπsGovernment…for we must spread out now at once,without adayπs delay.I have to make the declaration,but can youdoubt what our policy will be?We have but one aim and onesingle,irrevocable purpose.We are resolved to destroy Hitlerand every vestige of the nazi regime.From this nothing willturn us—nothing.We will never parley,we will nevernegotiate….We shall fight him by land,we shall fight himby sea,we shall fight him in the air,…”(Winston S.Churchill:Speech on Hitlerπs Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)在上述第一段中,丘吉尔用了7个“I see”从听觉、视觉上描述了希特勒的种种罪行,语速较慢,声音低沉,仿佛他在用眼睛扫视所看到的景象,感悟这惨不忍睹的一切;在第二段中突然语速加快,声音慷慨激昂,表示对希特勒的仇恨油然而生,愤恨越来越强烈,还用了连续重复和排比来加强语气,表示消灭敌人的决心决不更改。在这篇演说中丘吉尔很好地运用了语音修辞,从气势上大大激发了英国人民的斗志,甚至是全世界人民的斗志,感召人民起来进行反法西斯的斗争,最终取得了全面的胜利。名家还有如John F.Kennedy.在Inaugural Address;Abraham Lincoln在Gettysburg Address;Edward Everett.在Gettysburg Address中均借助了许多语音修辞来增强演讲的力度,收到了很好的演讲效果,成为了名篇演说,甚至是威尼斯商人中的夏洛克在狡辩中也运用了大量的语音修辞来达到辩护的目的。所以作为英语演讲者,一定要有语音修辞敏感性,才能领略到该在什么时候“适可而止”,什么时候“畅所欲言”。二、语音修辞的内涵英语语音修辞是指修辞性地运用语言的声音来达到说话者的目的意图,产生悦耳动听的韵味,给人以回味无穷的美感。它包括两种类型:一是音形结合的语音修辞,如拟声、头韵、尾韵、连续重复、平行结构等从语言形式和声音上都能体现的修辞,如以下例句:11拟声:I see advancing upon all this in hideousonslaught the Nazi war machine,with its clanking,heel-clinking,dandified Prussian officers……(Winston S.Churchill:Speech on Hitlerπs Invasion of the U.S.S.R.)21头韵:A stable,silent,solemn forest stood.[1](P318)31尾韵:The ground was black with ants,greatenergetic ants that took no notice of him,but hurried andscurried towards the fighting shape,like glistening black waterflowing through the grass.(Doris Lessing:A sunrise on theVeld)41连续重复:Shylock在辩词中说道:Iπll have my bond!Speak not against my bond!I have sworn an oath that I will have my bond!(Shakespeare:The Merchant of Venice)51平行结构:(排比,对照)(1)Yes,for there are times when all pray———for thesafety of their loved ones,the return of the breadwinner,oftheir champion,of their protector.(John F.Kennedy:Inaugural Address)(2)We observe today not a victory of party but acelebration of freedom,symbolizing an end as well as abeginning,signifying renewal as well as change.(John F.Kennedy:Inaugural Address)拟声是直接与语音相关的修辞格,能产生声音方面的效果是很明显的;连续重复、平行结构、头韵、尾韵属于修辞布局[1](P306),无论从形式上还是从声音上都能产生强烈的修辞效果。二是音形分离的语音修辞,如加强重音、逻辑重音、恰当停顿、语速的变化等不在语言形式上体现的修辞,而只是说话者凭借声音体现出来,这种技巧需要演讲者通过长期的训练凭借语感在语句中恰当地表现出来,如:Iπve been here long.如果重读的词是here,此句强调的