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d LOB, prepositions areaccounted for 12%. Kenndy estimates, in any English text, there will be one preposition inevery eight words. Among the approximately 100 prepositions, 38 are common, but 14 ofthem are often used. Those simple prepositions have become a great difficulty to ChineseEnglish learners. Some researcher thinks that the rich semantics and changeable usage are themain cause of English learners' difficulty. What's more, many preposition collocation alsoincrease the learner" memory burden.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Framework......... 7
3.1 Error Analysis......... 7
3.2 Language Transfer......... 10
3.3 Interlanguage......... 12
3.3.1 Origin of Interlanguage......... 13
3.3.2 Features of Interlanguage......... 15
Chapter Four Methodology......... 18
4.1 Research Subject......... 18
4.2 Research Tools......... 20
4.2.1 Corpus .........22
4.2.2 Research Software......... 23
4.3 Procedure of the Study.........25
4.3.1 Data Collection......... 26
4.3.2 Classification of Errors......... 26
Chapter Five Analysis and Discussion......... 31
5.1 Error Identification.........31
5.2 Explanations of Errors......... 31

Chapter Five Analysis and Discussion

5.1 Error Identification
In this paper, the frequency of the top ten prepositions in PACCEL-S is counted first theyare: to (6961)，o/(4849)，in (2881)，‘/5w77 (1990),ybr (1292), on (716), with (539)，by (538), as(349) and about (309). The frequency of to ranks first which means that Chinese Englishmajors tend to use to most often in their spoken English. Then, the frequencies of those tenprepositions are counted in the reference corpora: COCA and BNC, the author made acomparison among those three corpora as Table 4.4 shows.However, preposition overuse and underuse could not be counted only by frequency ineach corpus. Therefore，we need the help of standard frequency. It is the frequency of oneword in 1 million words. Normally, researchers choose to use the standard frequency tofacilitate comparison among corpora. For example, we could say the standard frequency offlower in COCA is 19.97, which means that in 1 million English words that American use,there are 19.97 words oi flower. The Table 4.1 shows the standard frequency of the top tenprepositions in the three corpora. From the table, we can find that, the standard frequency of to(35705.7) is higher than COCA (27185.1) and BNC (23432.4). Therefore, it can be analyzedthat preposition to is overused in Chinese English major spoken English. If the standardfrequency of researched preposition is more than the reference corpus, this preposition isoverused. On the contrary, if the standard frequency of researched preposition is less than thereference corpus, this preposition is underused. To facilitate comparison, the author countedthe probability of each preposition in the three corpora. Probability can also be called keyness.If the absolute value is probability is greater, the difference between two corpora is bigger. Thepositive sign means overuse and the negative sign means underuse.

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Conclusion

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