摘要:本文是英语语言学论文,本文从生态批评的角度分析《缅因森林》中的生态问题,分析了人与自然和人与精神的关系。人应该与自然界的其他生物和平共处;人应追求精神上的满足而非物质上的满足。
human and nature. From then on, his works have been widely read in America and all over the world as well.
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2.2 Studies in China
In China, the ecological criticism developed much later than that of America. In 1940s, one of Thoreau’s masterpiece Walden was introduced to China. Since then, more and more Chinese have accepted Thoreau and his works. Among which includes The Maine Woods. Although studies on The Maine Woods are not many, it is true that Thoreau’s works and his ecological thought have been received by more and more scholars. Basically, the studies of Walden fall into two periods and the 21st century is a watershed. At the beginning of the first period of time, most are the introduction for Thoreau and his works. While, since 1990s, the studies of Thoreau have made great progress. In the new century, the studies tend to be more diverse. This thesis will integrate the studies from three aspects in the following content.Xu Chi translated Walden into Chinese version in 1949, and this was the first edition. Then in 1982, the second edition of Xu Chi was out in Shanghai. Thoreau came into Chinese readers’ sight could be in 1994, as Professor Chen Kai translated Thoreau which was written by Robert Searle into Chinese.In fact, the study of Thoreau in China started at the end of the twentieth century. The symbol was that a series of articles were published in Du Shu magazine. And most of them were about Walden. After that, Chen Changfang probed into Chinese traditional philosophy’s impact systematically on Thoreau’s ideas in Thoreau and China. And Hou Wencong also introduced Thoreau and his Walden in one chapter in his Conquered Elegy--the Transition of American Environment Awareness.In addition, the scholars tend to retranslate Walden in the twenty-first century. And there are over twenty versions in Chinese so far. For example, in 2003, Dai Huan and Zhang Zhiyao’s version, in 2004, Su Fuzhong and Yang Jiasheng’s version, in 2005, Zong Huazhen’s, in 2007, Pan Qinlin and Wang Guanglin’s version, in 2008, Li Mu’s version. However, most people prefer Xu Chi’s version.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Basis of the Study: Ecocriticism ...... 13
3.1 The Emergence and the Definition of Ecocriticism ...... 13
3.2 The Development of Ecocriticism in Europe and America ......... 14
3.3 The Development of Ecocriticism in China .... 16
3.4 The Theoretical Resources of Ecocriticism .... 17
3.4.1 Anthropocentrism ..... 17
3.4.2 Animal Rights Theory ..... 17
3.4.3 Ecocentrism ....... 18
3.5 Summary ........ 20
Chapter Four The Ecological Interpretation of The Maine Woods ..... 21
4.1 The Relationship between Man and Nature .... 21
4.1.1 Man and Water ......... 21
4.1.2 Man and Forests ....... 25
4.1.3 Man and Animals ..... 26
4.2 The Relationship between Man and Spirit ...... 28
4.3 Summary ........ 30
Chapter Five Conclusion..... 33&
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