英语论文网

ation的范围)
例8:The Agent shall be responsible for damages and economic losses incurred by the Joint Venture Company solely due to the failure by the Agent toproperly inform the Joint Venture Company of any amendments to the sales contract entered into by the Agent on behalf of the Joint Venture Company with a purchaser. (properly虽然规约了Agent的义务,但没有限制inform的具体形式)
(二)句法上的修辞
1·长句(Long sentence)
在法律英语中,长句出现的频率远远高于其他文字作品,这种使用长句表达的倾向缘于立法者试图将某一问题的相关信息全部安置于一个完整的句子之内,避免几个分散的句子可能引起的歧义。
例9:The Covenantors hereby further jointly and severally covenant and undertake that they will, in the event any member of the Group is not being permitted to use or occupy or being evicted from any Property it presently uses or occupies (the“Affected Premises”),
whether by the landlord thereof or any government authority or any third party whosoever on the ground that the landlord does not have the building ownership right or land use right to the Affected Premises or has nor obtained the requisite land use right certificate and building ownership certificate or the relevant tenancy agreement/lease is invalid or unenforceable or any requisite procedure (including but not limited to registration or filing with the relevant PRC governmental authorities or to obtain the mortgagee’s consent in respect of the creation of the tenancy agreement/lease) has not been completed,secure within 15 days or such longer period as the relevant member of the Group may agree for the use and occupation by that member of the Group of a property (the Substitute Premises) on terms which are comparable and no less favorable to those relating to the Affected Premises including those relating to location, rent, layout area, user and facility, and for a term which is in no way shorter than the original term under which the Affected Premises are being used or occupied by that member of the Group.
这是一则物业条款,整句231个单词,其主句是一个简单句(The Covenantors+ covenant and undertake+ that从句),从句中主要结构是主语(they)+动词(secure)+两个由for引导的介词短语(for the use andoccupation和for a term),其它为修饰和限定成分,所有成分使整个句子显得纷繁复杂,但却将主语所涉及的内容罗列殆尽,避免了可能引起的法律纠纷。
2·名物化结构(Normalization)
将动词或形容词物化,简称为名物化,即把句子中的动词或形容词转换为名词或名词词组,从而使名词或名词词组获得动词或形容词的意义而具有名词的语法功能。名物化结构在法律英语中大量出现,使法律语言具有简练性、衔接性、客观性,因而使得意思在法律语篇中的表达符合简练、紧凑、客观等行文要求。
例10:Thetransportationorimportationinto any State, Territory, orpossessionof the United States for Deliveryor use therein of the intoxicating liquors,violationof the laws thereof,is thereby prohibited.
该句选自《美国宪法》中的一个条款,句中就出现了5个名物化结构(即并没有使用transport、import、possess、deliver、violate等动词形式),使语言表达精练而准确,也将法律的尊严和庄重凸显无余,体现了法律语篇的权威性和严谨性。
3·法律