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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-08-12编辑:felicia点击率:27539
论文字数:11857论文编号:org201408120838054271语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:抗抑郁药安全性有效性Antidepressantseffectivesafe
摘要:本文是一篇美国留学论文,文章主要研究抗抑郁药治疗效果以及产后抑郁症。抗抑郁药是一种安全的、有效的治疗产后抑郁症的药物吗?本文主要评估了有关抗抑郁药物的安全性和有效性,以证明其对产后抑郁症的恢复确实有效。通过一些数据和文献提供充分的证据以表明抗抑郁药对于治疗产后抑郁症有一定的效果。
Covariates can be controlled during data analysis. Some studies employ simple analysis of variance, which is inappropriate because it fails to account for covariates. A more appropriate test would be an analysis of covariance, which controls for extraneous variables (Field, 2000).
Other studies have employed regression procedures (e.g. multiple or logistic regression) but failed to use a hierarchical procedure, whereby the influence of background variables is first partial led out at an earlier step in the analysis before assessing the unique contribution of antidepressant versus placebo/control group membership(Field, 2000). Failure to account for covariates renders the findings inconclusive, because there is a possibility for example that reported effects of antidepressants are attributable to unknown prenatal conditions (e.g. better regime compliance rates in a fluoxetine compared with a placebo group).
Moderator effects
Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect third-variable moderate effects. A moderator variable specifies the conditions under which one variable (e.g. antidepressants) will have an effect on another (e.g. Postnatal depression, health outcomes, cognitive development) (Baron& Kenny, 1986) (see Figure 9). This is especially relevant for studies reporting no adverse effects for antidepressants (Goldstein& Sun dell, 1999).
It is possible that SSRIs or TCAs do produce significant health outcomes but only under certain conditions. For example Booth et al (2004) found evidence for low compliance rates among women prescribed antidepressants. Low compliance may result in negligible if any differences between treatment and control or placebo groups. In this case compliance rate functions as a moderator, determining the conditions under which antidepressants will affect health outcomes.
Similarly Charbroil et al (2004) found evidence of low acceptance of antidepressants, which in turn may obscure health outcomes: antidepressants may produce significant improvements in mood only in a sample of women who approve of this treatment (and hence maybe more likely to adhere to prescriptions), denoting an interaction between antidepressants and acceptance levels (with the latter operating as the ‘moderator’).
Figure 9 Effects of antidepressants on outcome measures may be moderated by (i.e. interact with) other variables (Baron & Kenny,1986)
Randomised Controlled Trials
This review has revealed a distinct lack of randomised controlled trials, consistent with the other reviews (e.g. Yoshida et al, 1999;Hoffbrand et al, 2002; Misery & Kostas’s, 2002; Cohen, 2005). This negates causal inferences about the link between antidepressants and mood or adverse effects.
Prospective studies may imply causality, based on the sequence of events (e.g. antidepressants were taken before本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。