美国医疗改革研究
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:学术文章 Scholarship Essay登出时间:2015-06-17编辑:g790726705点击率:8424
论文字数:2670论文编号:org201506092203465599语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文
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摘要:美国医疗体系存在的问题,阐述医疗改革相关问题
在1991年,只有不超过百分之一的美国人认为医疗卫生保健是一个相当重要的问题。仅仅两年后,克林顿总统就催促国会帮他出台医疗保健系统,这是对旧有体制的一个巨大的破坏。医疗保健系统的出台真的是一种破坏吗?关于医疗改革的争论已经引起了所有美国人的注意。是什么将医疗改革带入了工资视野?尽管美国的医疗服务的质量是最好的,但是由于越来越高的服务费用,使得我们所获得的医疗服务却越来越少。我们的医疗保健体系需要彻底的变革。最近,在国会出台了许多改革提议,但是只有三个提议对改革提供了具有建设性建议:克林顿总统的医疗保障法、吉姆库伯的管理竞争行为法等。最终的医疗改革方案必须包含这三个提议的各个方面的建议。
医疗改革必须包含的一个方面是消除保险偏见。有许多人由于已经生病,所以无法购买医疗保险。不能再让保险公司只为那些健康的人服务。老板也不应该由于员工生病增加了健康保险费而开除员工。这是消除保险偏见最重要的两步。第一步就是实现保险的可转移性。
In 1991, fewer than one percent of Americans felt that health care was an important issue. Just two years later, President Clinton urged Congress to help him fix a health care system that 'is badly broken' (Collins 78). Is the health care system badly broken? The health care reform debate has captured the attention of all Americans. What brought health care reform into the public spotlight? Although our medical care in this country is of the highest quality, our access to that care is waning due to higher and higher costs. Our health care system needs fundamental reform. Currently, there are dozens of reform packages in Congress, yet three packages offer significant recommendations toward health care reform: President Clinton's Health Security Act, Representative Jim Cooper's Managed Competition Act, and Senator John Chaffee's Health Equity and Reform Access Today Act. The final health care reform package must include the choice aspects of all three of these
Proposals.
One aspect which must be included in health care reform is the elimination of
Insurance bias. Too many Americans are uninsured because of pre-existing conditions. Insurance providers should no longer be allowed to cover only the healthiest persons. Never again should an employer feel the need to fire a worker because of an illness which raises health insurance premiums. There are two important steps toward eliminating insurance bias. The first step is making portability of insurance a reality. Right now in this country, 28% of working Americans are unable to change jobs because they would lose their coverage and be denied coverage with another company due to pre-existing conditions (U.S. Health 56). For example, Marcia and Mark Callendar both had good jobs with good benefits. They thought their family was well-protected by the insurance provided by Mark's employer. Then their son, Matthew, got sick. Mark lost his job, and the Callendars lost their insurance. When they tried to apply for coverage through Marcia's job, they were turned down because of Matthew's pre-existing condition. Matthew finally qualified for coverage through disability, but Mark had to take a lower-paying job to be eligible for coverage (Health Security 6). Hence, increasing portability of policies is fundamental to reform. No longer should an individual lose health insurance coverage with the loss of employment. Secondly, insurance providers must stop cherry-picking individuals. People should not be denied health care coverage because they have been sick. Denial of insurance coverage only forces these patients to use expensive emergency room services rather than obtaining regular treatment. The costs are just passed on to the insured patients in the form of higher prices (U.S. Health 18). Insuring the sick may cause the healthy person's premiums to go up, but everyone will benefit from the assurance that medical coverage will always be available.
The publication of performance data b
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