英语论文网

对儿童福利的变化，特别是工人阶级，这是十九世纪重要的考虑问题，在1800年代的英国工人阶级中，孩子们遭受了大量的贫困困扰，大部分儿童在很小年纪的时期就被迫进入工厂，成为童工。然而在现代社会里，我们非常关心孩子的安全和保护。这种重大转变的态度是社会科学的出现导致,这促使人们对孩子更多理解。一些批评人士认为，这些政策似乎有积极的影响，只是隐藏了中产阶级政府的议事日程。在这篇文章中，我将探讨古典和新的自由主义政府实施的政策，并对这种政策造成的各种社会现象进行探讨，最后得出结论即：这种福利政策是否具有建设性，或只是一种方式，用以保持最低的社会混乱的方式。

Outline Classical and New liberal approaches to welfare and assess their impact on working class children between the period of 1850-1914.

When addressing changes in child welfare it is important to consider the children of the 19th century, especially the working class. In the 1800 s British working class children were subject to immense amounts of poverty and were forced into child labour at a very young age. Yet in modern society we are extremely concerned with the safety and protection of the child. This significant shift in attitudes is the result of the emergence of social sciences, which have led to a greater intellectual understanding of the child. Some critics argue the policies which appear to have had a positive impact are merely hiding the agenda of the middle class government. In this essay I shall explore the policies implemented by both Classical and New Liberal governments and suggest whether I feel they were constructive or just a way to keep social disruption to a minimum.

Classical Liberalism is associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution during the 19th century and is known as the doctrine of Laissez Faire . The term Laissez Faire is used to describe the view that the role of the state should be minimal, thus should respect child-parent relationships and not intrude upon people s private lives. Classical Liberalism has been described as the movement of the new middle classes (Harling, 2001, p.3) as it developed distinctly out of middle class culture, which contrary to the poor, lived a lavish lifestyle consisting of luxuries such as health care, clean clothing, beautiful toys and travel. During the time of Classical Liberalism the belief in human potential held great importance as they believed that with the right kind of government people would improve. Samule Smile, a social reformer, summarised the general view of the working class during the period of Classical Liberalism stating nobody should rely on others, charities, or the state to support them. We succeed or fail according to our own efforts . (Morris, 1981, p.90)

The apparent pauperism, extreme poverty and vast unemployment in the streets of London fuelled the beginning of a moral panic surrounding the problem of the poor which seemed ever-growing. The solution saw the introduction of The New Poor Law which was implemented 1834. The idea behind the law was to ensure beggars and orphans, male and female, were taken off the streets and placed in workhouses. As Classical Liberalism was aspirational in their beliefs surrounding human potential, they believed the workhouse would provide the working class with the opportunity to better themselves within the right conditions. Orphans would be collected by members of the parish and placed in workhouses, which in exchange for labour, would provide them with basic necessities, industrial training and employment. For this reason, workhouses were often valued by society, namely the middle class, as they were regarded as a place where the