in the caste system due to the tradition that they are believed to have converted themselves from High caste Hindus such as Namboodiris, Nairs and Jews (Israelites), due to evangelization by St. Thomas.[45] Several writers like Arundhati Roy and Anand Kurian have authored personal accounts of the entire caste system at work in their social community.[46][47][48][49][50] Syrian Christians, specifically Knanaya Christians, are generally endogamous and do not practice intermarriage with other Christian castes.[46]
The Latin Rite Christians were considered to be the scheduled castes around the coastal belt of Kerala, where fishing was the chief occupation. They were mostly evangelized by the missionaries of the 16th and 19th centuries. The government of India later recognized this group as OBC. The intermarriages between Syrian Christians and Latin Rite Christians are found to be very rare.
Goa
From 16th century onwards, in Goa, mass conversions were performed by Portuguese Latin missionaries. However, the Hindu converts still maintained their caste practices. The continued practice of the caste system among the Christian society in Goa is mostly due to the large-scale conversions of whole villages, due to which existing social stratification was hardly affected. The Portuguese, even during the Goan Inquisition, did not interfere much with the caste system. Therefore, the original Hindu Brahmins of Goa became Christian Bamons while the Kshatriya came to be known as the Christian noblemen called Chardos. The Christian clergy comprised almost exclusively of Bamon. Even Vaishyas who turned to Christianity later became Gauddos, and the Shudras became Sudirs. Most of all, the Dalits or the 'Untouchables' who turned to Christianity came to be called Maharas and Chamars.
Muslims
Studies show that several castes among Muslims originated because of their close contact with Hindu culture and instances of Hindu conversion to Islam.[52][53][54][55] The Sachar Committee's report, which was released in 2006,
notes the continued segregation and classification in Muslim society. For example, among Muslims, there are those who are called Ashrafs and presumed to possess a higher status derived due to their foreign Arab ancestry,[56][57] while there are others called Ajlafs who are assumed to have converted from Hinduism, and therefore have a lower status. Moreover, another Muslim caste called Arzal was considered by anti-caste activists like Ambedkar as similar to untouchables.[58][59] In India's Bengal region, some Muslims classify their society as per 'Quoms'.[60] There is a difference in opinion regarding the severity of discrimination in Muslim societies versus that of Hindu societies. While many researchers have concluded that the Muslim castes are not as orthodox or severe in their discrimination as the Hindus,[55][61] there are others like Ambedkar who have commented that the social evils in Muslim society can be considered as worse than what is observed in the Hindu society'.[58][59]
Buddhists
The Buddhists too had a caste system. In Sri Lanka, for example, the Rodis might have been ostracized by the Sri Lankan Buddhists because of the absence of ahimsa (non-violence), a key tenet of Buddhism, as one of their beliefs. When Ywan Chwang visited South India in the post-Chalukyan Empire era, he found that the caste system was prevalent even among the
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