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with therequirement of the curriculum and the society. Meanwhile, high school teachers willbe interviewed with their opinions on the preparation of the test to check theexpected validity of the test to some extent. In brief, the test validation is verifiedfrom test method analysis and interview results.

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Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Definition of Relevant Concepts

2.1.1 Test ValidityValidity is the most important factor in test development and evaluation. Itconcerns what a test measures, how test scores are interpreted and used and theimpact of testing. A valuable test depends on whether it has high reliability andvalidity, which are basic factors in the quality of the test. They are the fundamentalrequirements for quality evaluation of language testing and other educational andpsychological measurement (Li 2006: 88). In general, if a test measures what it isintended to measure, which is higher valid.

In test, the process of setting the validity of a test, which is one of the mostimportant aspects. It is generally desirable to establish validity in many differentways. Also, Bachman (1990) stated that in test validation, what needed be to beexamined is the validity of the way we interpreted or use the information gatheredthrough the testing procedure. Validation needed to concern the content relevanceand content coverage.

Bachman (1990) pointed, traditionally, validity can be divided into differenttypes, such as content, criterion and construct validity, but measurement specialistregarded these as aspect of unitary concept of validity that subsumes all of them.Messick (1980 1988b: cited in Bachman 1990) argued that the separate validity typesare inadequate to support given score interpretation and that the consideration ofvalues and consequences of score use play a significant role in validityconsiderations. In the unitary concept of validity, the construct validity is the mostimportant evidential type. Previous content, criterion and predictive validity is seenas the evidential sources.

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2.2 Theoretical Foundation

2.2.1 The Framework of Test Methods

According to the evidential basis of validity, Bachman (1990) stated “testcontent is an important part of test development and test use. Therefore,demonstrating that a test is relevant and cover a given area of ability is necessary tovalidation. Content relevance and content coverage is two aspect of content validity.The examination of the both is necessary part of the validation process. Whilecontent relevance generally involved the specification of the ability domain, what isoften ignored is that examining content relevance also require the specification of thetest methods facets. Also, the necessity of specifying both the ability domain and testmethods is recognized by proponent of criterion-referenced test development.Therefore, test design has direct relationship with content validity.

Bachman (1990) proposed that performance on language testing is affected bythe candidates’ language ability and the characteristics of test methods. Therefore,the characteristics, or facets of test method is significant for content validity. Whenconstructing tests, tests developer needs to control some factors to本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。