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份量的成分放在句末,形成一种“高潮”或悬念,可加强语气,使句子更显得生动有力。这就是文体上所说的“掉尾句”或“圆周句”(periodic sentence)。此外,由于商务合同英语从句较长,主句可能过短,因此从主从句的整体布局来考虑,也需将主句置于句尾,方可达到尾重的语言效果,不至于产生头重脚轻的失衡感。故而在商务合同英语中掉尾句使用频率很高。例如:If the Subcontractor’s Work has been stopped for thirtydays because the Subcontractor has not received progress pay-ments as required hereunder, the Subcontractor may terminatethis Agreement upon giving the Contractor an additional sevendays written notice.若把句子的语义核心置于句首,而句子的其他部分都用来对语义核心进行补充说明,这就构成了与掉尾句相对应的所谓的“松散句”(loose sentence),这样的句式一目了然。例如:The Subcontractor may terminate this Agreement becausethe Subcontractor has not received progress payments.此处所指的“松散句”并无贬义,其概念完全区别于“结构松散的句子”。在商务合同英语中若能根据句子的结构特点和表达的需要恰当地使用掉尾句和松散句,可以增添节奏的变化,增强表达效果。

(四)适当地使用被动和主动语态;普遍使用一般现在时在许多情况下,商务合同英语要求突出动作的对象,而不重视动作的完成者,也就是说,商务合同英语的文体因素和语言环境要求强调客观事实,而尽量减少个人感情、意愿的影响,从而使论述更客观、平实。因而动词的被动语态形式有很高的出现率。但是,在涉及到双方的义务、责任和权利时,则需慎用被动语态,因为被动语态可弱化语气强度,使意义含糊,甚至造成责权不明。因此,需视实际情况,适当地使用被动和主动语态,或者在被动语态中用by短语结构引出施事者,进一步明确责任和义务的来源。例如:In case the Sellers are liable for the discrepancies and aclaim has been lodged by the Buyers within the time limit of theinspection and quality guarantee period as stipulated in Clause12hereunder, the Sellers shall settle the claim in one or any combi-nation of the following ways.就时态而言,商务合同英语文体普遍使用一般现在时,旨在强调其条款的现实性、原则性和有效性,这方面的例句俯拾皆是。而其他时态的选用则需视表达的需要而定。例如:The undersigned Seller and Buyer have held discussions re-lating to the processing and assembling of plastic toy productsand have agreed to close the following transactions according tothe terms and conditions set forth as below.

(五)情态动词权利义务的约定部分构成了商务合同的主体,情态动词的准确使用旨在明确约定当事人的权利(可以做什么),当事人的一般义务(应当做什么),强制性义务(必须做什么)和禁止性义务(不得做什么)。与商务合同英语特别相关的情态动词主要是shall和may,需引起特别注意。shall在商务合同英语中多数并不表示句子主语的意图,而是表述各项具体的规定和要求,表示强制性地要求承担责任或履行义务,含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性和强制性”之意。根据Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, shall解释为(formal or old-fashioned) used in official documents to show alaw, command, obligation, compulsion。可见shall的这一用法是较古老或者较正式的,一般仅限于法律或半法律性用语,体现了合同条款内含的法律的威严性和约束性。凡表示“强制”(compulsion)或“义务”(obligation)时,均不能以will或should取代shall。这一用法的shall的主语一般以第三人称居多,且此时shall必须重读。shall这一用法的否定形式shall not表示“禁止”或“不得”。例如:Within the validity period of the technology transfer agree-ment, Party B shall provide the joint venture company with theimprovement of the technology and the improved informationand technological materials in time, and shall not charge sepa-rate fees.在商务合同文体中,通过may提出的要求通常不带强制性,有时为实现要求还准许附加条件;也可在一定条件下表示允许或许可。may not可表示根据特定规定或要求而“不得”或“不可以”,语气不及shall not强烈,使用也不及shall not普遍。例如:For any business transacted between governments of bothParties, Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorizedby Party A’s government without binding himself to this A-greement.可见,商务合同中的条款,有的须严格遵照执行,有的在一定条件下应予执行,不带强制性。因此,虽然学英语的人对这些情态动词是再熟悉不过,但在商务合同中用到这些词时要慎之又慎,绝对不可随意使用。

(六)名词化结构商务合同英语中常有意识地使用抽象名词代替动词,这就是所谓的名词化结构(nominalization)。名词化结构主要是指表示动作或状态的抽象名词或是起名词作用的非谓语动词。名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化,从而使语体更加正式、更加具有书面语风格。为便于简洁确切、严密客观地表达复杂概念,名词化结构的组合方式各异。例如:1)由of连接主谓关系That the L/C complies with what is stipulated in the Con-tract is of vital importance.The compliance of the L/C with the stipulations of theContract is of vital importance(名词结构).2)由of连接动宾关系One of the most important factors is that proceeds are trans-mitted from the buyer to the seller in transactions smoothly.One of the most important factors is the smooth transmis-sion of proceeds from the buyer to the seller in transactions(名词结构).3)用of连接含有by的短语,把从句转换成名词短语The both parties fulfilled the contract satisfact本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。