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n - It is vital that students do NOT confuse their MSc outcome (the means to bring about change) with the target (the expected change effects). For example, one might have a server virtualization plan (outcome) to get increased sever utilization (target effect). If a student is not able to make this kind of simple distinction then one must seriously consider if they are in anyway ready for work at this level.
Outcome Structure - students must know what their suggested outcome is. Although not shown here each outcome form will have a description, structure, method of construction and purpose or usage mode. The point is that if a student says his outcome is a “Position Paper” then we will expect him know exactly what that is as a description, a structure, how to construct it and how it is normally used.
Qualification - Finally in every case where an outcome is stated it must be qualified. So if an outcome is a “model” then one must say what it is a model of (e.g. a secure network model), if an outcome is a “review” then one must say what is being reviewed (e.g. review of virtualization practices) and so on.
Example
Problem Causes: Before the service expansion exercise in 2005 and up to the present, Keat Huat Auto Repair has relied on a manual CRM system to fulfil its needs in identifying the service needs of its private and commercial vehicle customers. However, the expansion exercise brought about an increase in the number of customers from an average of 60 vehicles per month (in 2005) to the present average of 90 vehicles per month as well as an increasing number of types of customers with varying service needs such as duration of service completion, service quality and extended duration for payment (in months). All of these factors have made it increasingly difficult to use the manual CRM system for identifying and managing its customer service needs to create specialized service packages.
Outcome: In view of the problem, a feasibility report will be created to better understand the current state of the problem, explore possible alternative solutions and assess their feasibilities thus leading to a recommendation of action to be taken to help the management make an informed decision on investing in a possible eCRM system that best meets their needs.
Actor
It is always useful to think about who will read ones project outcome and that helps to ensure it is written to an appropriate level and in a suitable style. Therefore, every outcome will have an actor or actors (person or persons); meaning that the actor will use the outcome to bring about change and achieve a particular result or effect (the target). It is essential that the outcome and actor match each other in the sense that the actor can credibly use the outcome.
Be careful here when I say actor I don’t mean you name a person such as “Joe Brown’, you instead name a position or role so you say “IT Mangers”, “Class Tutor”, “Quality Assurance Manger” and so on. All the above is gathered together in a sentence that explains what the outcome is, who the actors is/are and how they will use the outcome to get target effects. eg
The outcome will be a report with recommendations (outcome) on the effectiveness of current audit processes (qualification). This report will then be used by finance managers (actors) to make an informed decision on the way audit requests for system data are handled in the future and in so doing bring about change in terms of t