英语论文网

摘要：汉语中有些特殊句型，如”是”字句、”得”字句、”把”字句、”搞”字句等，不是与英语非完全对应，就是为英语所无。本文分析了这些句型的特点，归纳了翻译这些句型的基本技巧。汉语中有些常见句型，如”是”字句、”得”字句、”把”字句、”搞”字句等，其翻译没有、也不可能有固定的公式可以套用，如汉语的判断词”是”不一定总是翻译成英语的系动词be。但是，通过纷繁的译例，我们仍然可以探索出翻译这些句型的有效方法和策略。 (一) “是”字句的翻译:“是”字句在汉语中占有相当的比例，但并非所有的”是”都是判断词，因此不能机械地用英语的连系动词be来翻译，必须结合语境含义译之。汉语中的”是”可表示等同、类属、特征、存在等意义；”是……的”含有被动意义；与”才”、”就”、”正”等连用表示强调；”是”还可以表示一种直观表象或结果。下面介绍一些”是”字句的翻译方法。。 1. 译为英语连系动词be ---改革是振兴中国的唯一出路，是人心所向，大势所趋，不可逆转。 Reform is the only process through which China can be revitalized, a process which is irreversible and which accords with the will of the people and the general trend of events. ---那年月，有钱人是天天过年。 In those years, the rich people’s extravagance was such that everyday was a Spring Festival. ---是党和政府的正确方针和政策，促进了广大农村的经济繁荣。 It is the correct principles and policies of our Party and Government that have promoted the economic prosperity of China’s vast rural areas. 2. 省略”是”字 ---武汉是长江中下游地区的特大城市，是湖北省的政治、经济、文化、科技中心。 Wuhan, a metropolis situated in the middle reaches of the Changjiang River, is the political, economic, cultural, scientific and technological center of Hubei Province. (译文利用同位语，将第一个”是”省略) ---中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，社会生产力水平总的还比较低。 As the largest developing country in the world China has a relatively low level of productive forces on the whole. ---工业企业效益差是当前许多矛盾的症结所在。 All the contradictions existing in industrial enterprises today boil down to scanty economic returns. 3. 译为被动语态 ---革命者是杀不完的。 Revolutionaries can never be wiped out. ---这双皮鞋是定做的。 This pair of leather shoes are custom-made. ---这种装置在机械表制造工业中是很需要的。 This kind of device is much needed in the mechanical watch-making industry. 4. 根据”是”的实际意义翻译 ---创新是一个民族进步的灵魂。 Innovation sustains the progress of a nation. ---这是大势所趋，人心所向。 This represents the general trend of development and the common aspiration of the people. ---澳门问题的圆满解决，是中葡两国关系史上的一个重要里程碑。 The successful settlement of the Macao question marks an important milestone in the annals of Sino-Portuguese relation. ---这个增长速度是指导性的，是就全国来说的。 This growth rate serves as a guide which applies to the country as a whole. 5. 译为but it is (was)… ---这个故事好是好，就是长了点。 It is a good story all right, but it’s a bit too long. 6. 用there be结构翻译表示”凡是”的”是”字 ---是重活，他都抢着干。 Whenever there’s a tough job, he is always the first to do it. (二) “得”字句的翻译汉语结构助词”得”一般用在动词或形容词之后，连接补语成分，表示能力、可能性、结果、程度等。汉语的”得”字，可根据其语法功能，利用英语的词法或句法手段翻译。 1. 用情态助动词翻译”得”字英语的情态助动词can, could, be able to可以表示能力；may, might, can, could表示可能性，因此可以利用它们来翻译表示能力或可能性的”得”字。例如： ---她的英语讲得好。 She can speak English well. ---你干得了这件事吗？ Can you do it? ---他看得出两者的差别。 He was able to see the difference between the two. 2. 用词法手段翻译”得”字英语的后缀-ible, -able构成的词语可以表示能力或可能性，因此也可利用这类词翻译”得”字。例如： ---有些星星肉眼都看得很清楚。 Some stars are quite visible to the unaided eye. ---这个人靠得住吗? Is the man reliable ? ---这个道理讲得通。 The reason is acceptable. 3. 用固定结构翻译”得”字当”得”字表示结果或程度时，可利用英语中表示相同意义的固定结构如so …that等来翻译。例如： ---地板霉烂得有许多地方不能再擦洗了。 The floors were in so rotten a condition that many of them could not be scrubbed. ---不要高兴得忘乎所以。 Don’t be so happy as to forget everything. ---天气闷热得大家喘不过气来。 It was such a hot and stuffy weather that people were out of breath. ---这些苹果酸得不能吃。 These apples are too sour for eating. 4. 省略”得”字有时，”得”字无需翻译，只需翻译”得”字位于其中的短语即可。例如： ---他们俩人很合得来。 Both of them got well along with each other. ---学生们听课听得很入神。 The students listened to the lecture attentively. ---你来得正是时候。You came in the nick of time. ---游客们玩得很开心。 The visitors had a wonderful time. ---这件