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3.被动语态使用不当被动语态,作为法律英语的特点之一,在法律文献中得到广泛应用。法律文献应当明确清晰地陈述权利和义务之间的关系,然而过多使用被动语态也将导致权利和义务之间的关系的陈述不清。请看下例:第三十二条当事人需要在提出评审申请或者答辩后补充有关证据材料的,应当在申请书或者答辩书中声明,并自提交申请书或者答辩书之日起3个月内提交。(来源:《实施条例》)

Article 32　Where a party needs to supplement relatedevidence after filing an application for review and adjudica-tion or making a reply, a statement for his purpose shall bemade in the application or in the response, and the said evi-dence shall be submitted within three months from the dateon which the application is filed or the response is made.

在上例中,责任的承担者是很明确的,那就是:a partythat needs to supplement related evidence after filing an ap-plication for review and adjudication or making a reply。然而在英译文中,责任的承担者却被放到where引导的状语从句中,强调的重点就变为:“a statement... and the saidevidence”。这种被动语态的不当使用消弱了法律文献强加义务的功能。

建议修改为:

A party needing to supplement related ev-idence after filing an application for review and adjudicationor making a reply shall make a statement a statement forhis purpose in the application or in the response, and sub-mit within three months from the date on which the appli-cation is filed or the response is made.

(三)语体方面的错误———前后不一致在翻译文学作品时,同一概念、内涵或同一事物可用不同的词来表达,以免译文词语贫乏。法律文件往往不考虑用词的多样化问题。翻译法律文件应严格遵循一致性原则。Henry Weihofen在其所著Legal Writing Style一书这样写到:

“Exactness often demands repeating the sameterm to express the same idea where that is true, never beafraid of using the same word over and over again. Manymore sentences are spoiled by trying to avoid repetitionthan by repetition.”(Henry Weihofen, 1961)

同一概念、内涵或事物在法律上始终同一以免引起歧义,即使同一词语多次重复,一经选定就必须前后统一。如果译文不统一就会给译文读者的阅读造成困难。例如:第四十五条　使用注册商标,其商品粗制滥造,以次充好,欺骗消费者的……第四十六条　注册商标被撤销的或者期满不再续展的,自撤销或者注销之日起一年内……(来源:《商标法》)

Article 45　If registered trademarks are used oncoarsely manufactured goods are passed off as qualitygoods, thus deceiving consumers…Article 46　If a registered trademark is revoked or isnot renewed at the expiration of the expiration of its periodof validity…

例45和46中的“注册商标”分别被译为“registeredtrademarks”和“a registered trademark。在《商标法》及其《实施条例》英译文中,这样的不一致还多次出现,如把“被取消”分别译为:“be canceled”, or“be cancelled”;“人民法院”有时译为“a people’court”,有时又译为“the people’scourt”。译者在上面各个译文中分别用了一些不统一的名词及名词短语。译文读者阅读这些译文时在花费了较大的推理努力后仍难获得较好的语境效果。

(四)语义层面的错误———意义的损失翻译法律条文时必须保留法律原文的完整性,译者不能随意增加或减少词语。第五十九条　未经商标注册人许可,在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标相同的商标,构成犯罪的,除赔偿被侵权人的损失外,依法追究刑事责任……(来源:《商标法》

Article 59　Where a person, without permission ofthe owner of a registered trademark, uses a trademark thatis identical with the owner’on the same ki本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。