英国硕士经济贸易历史论文 [17]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-09-29编辑:yangcheng点击率:29167
论文字数:12254论文编号:org201409272336287848语种:英语 English地区:马来西亚价格:免费论文
关键词:商队之路丝绸之路Silk Road大集市模型
摘要:本文是一篇留学生经济贸易历史的作业,已知的最古老的商队之路是西亚的丝绸之路。根据出生在伊斯坦布尔的m . Cerasi描述,其结构就像集市一样。
市场不仅仅是购物的地方,这是一个生产的地方并且拥有巨大的经济价值。在这个模型以前资本主义很难区分出集市的财政和工厂价值与文化的区别。
re: textiles and clothing, automotive, iron and steel, white goods and chemicals, pharmaceuticals and ships. Turkey imports mainly machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels and transport equipment. Its main trading partners are: European Union (57% exports, 40% imports), Russia and The United States.
Business Confidence
The Business Confidence Index is an indicator designed to measure he degree of optimism on the state of the economy that business owners are expressing through their activities of investing and spending. Decreasing business confidence often implies slowing economic growth because business owners are likely to decrease their investment. The idea is that the more confident business owners and managers feel about the economy, their companies, their jobs and incomes, the more likely they are to make investments and purchases. When business confidence is measured on a scale between 0 and 100, an index level below 50 means that business owners expecting their company’s performance to be weaker in the next year outnumber those expecting stronger performance.
In Turkey, business confidence declined to 104.5 in August of 2012 from 107.3 in July of 2012. Historically, from 2007 until 2012, Turkey Business Confidence averaged 102.76 reaching an all time high of 121.20 in April of 2007 and a record low of 52.00 in December of 2008. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Business Tendency Survey (BTS) compiles the assessments of the senior managers, whose decisions are important for the economy, on the recent past, current situation and their expectations regarding the future course of business environment. Business confidence surveys can provide useful signs about the current condition of the economy, because companies often have information about consumer demand sooner than government statisticians do. This page includes a chart with historical data for Turkey Business Confidence.
Turkey Consumer Confidence
Consumer Confidence
Consumer confidence is an important tool to be able understand how positive Turkish consumers are about the overall state of the economy and their personal financial situation. This confidence degree determines their spending activity which serves as a key indicator since it shapes the state of economy. According to TurkStat, In Turkey, consumer confidence increased to 92.8 in July, 2012 compared to the previous month with 91.8 in June. Looking at a 8 year scale, the average of consumer confidence in Turkey is 91.83 with a peak of all times in February 2004 by 111.90 and record of low of 68.88 in November 2008. Mentioned consumers are at the age of 15 and above who are employed in urban and rural areas, providing income who are employed as samples in Household Labour Force Survey. THE REASONS FOR THAT?????? This survey is evaluated between 0 and 200. If consumer confidence is high which is more than 100, this means more purchase by the consumers which increase the economic expansion and explains consumer confidence is optimistic. Contrary if it is low, consumers tend to save more than they spend, propting the contraction of the economy which explains a pessimistic consumer behavior. 100 refers to neutral opinion in consumer confidence.
Population
Turkey has a population exceeding 70 million people as of 2003. Turkey’s population is being rapidly urbanized. Approximately 65% of the
本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。