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Professional Development 28449
教师的专业发展对学生的影响
CHAPTER ONE
 
INTRODUCTION
 
Introduction of the Problem 2
第一章
简介
问题2介绍
专业发展的主要目标是影响学生的学习成绩。从教育资源信息中心（Eric）数据库汇总的资料来看，专业发展涉及的活动可以提高职业生涯的增长，这能影响教师的实践水平和他们的知识水平（鲁滨孙和卡林顿，2002）。随着其对学习技能的影响，专业发展是能够超越教师培训的，因为它包括正式和非正式的手段来协助教师发展他们新的见解，以及在探索新的和先进的资源来帮助他们提高学生们的表现。从上面的声明中明确指出，专业发展需要校长来支持教师以应对来自他们工作的新需求的挑战。这种支持有助于教师在对工作性质的理解以及专业技能的理解上不断地成长。
The main aim of Professional development is influencing the students' results. From the thesaurus of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) database, professional development involves the activities that enhance the growth of a career professionally.This is effected by impacting the teachers level of practice and their level of knowledge (Robinson and Carrington, 2002). With its implications on learning skills, professional development is beyond teacher training since it encompasses formal and informal means of assisting teachers in their development of new insights into their own as well as in the exploration of new and advanced resources that aid them in improving students performance. From the above statement it is clear that professional development requires the principals to support the teachers as they deal with the challenges that come along with new needs of their work. This support help the teachers to continually grow in their understanding of their nature of work as well as professional skills.

According to Fullan (1991), it has been observed that in the last decade, the role of a principal has been increasingly involving, become more complicated and the roles are not clearly defined. He also noted that the principles roles have been through a kind of metamorphosis. Initially, the roles of the principle were limited and involved instruction leadership or a master teacher. With time these roles changed to transactional leadership and, most recently, to transformational leadership. This brings out the importance of examining the way principles deal with professional development of teachers, being one of the most pressing issues.
 
The extent to which the quality of professional development of middle school teacher is influenced by their administrators' leadership styles is not known. According to Jackson and Davis (2000), one of the most important components in accomplishing great achievements in schools and ensuring high quality teachers is instructional leadership. For a high achieving school, an administrator should be able to supply instructional leadership. To make this possible, the administrator should have specific leadership characteristics which ensure effectiveness in professional development of teachers and also heip in sustaining an educational environment that fosters high achievement vision in students (Jackson & Davis, 2000).
 
In the past few years, middle schools have become more and more all-encompassing (Hoy et al, 1996). In the American education systems, the notes being appear to be a replacement of the traditional junior high schools. According to the Maryland State Department of Education (2008),the academic, social and emotional progress of a student is greatly influenced and evident in middle school. This requires educators to be highly equipped when it comes to addressing the changes undergone by students in middle school and this makes the professio本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。