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摘要：本文是一篇澳洲语言学课程作业。隐喻的研究有着悠久的历史。据说亚里士多德最早使用隐喻的手法在其作品中,自此以后人们开始关注隐喻的现象。隐喻是所有的语言都常用的一种修辞手法,不仅在文学作品中存在，而且在日常对话中也很多。隐喻在某种情形下方便我们更好的沟通,同时留下模糊的认知障碍。一方面,正确使用比喻避免直接说话带来的尴尬。它使人际关系和谐。另一方面,隐喻的本质是谈论其他事情的形式,使用识别和理解隐喻并不容易。在一些极端情况下,隐喻的使用甚至破坏了沟通。因此,我们看到比喻沟通的重要性。作为一种交际行为,翻译应正确处理隐喻。

or baby quilts, yet I just don’t seem to be getting a visit from the stork.

真让人伤心，没必要准备婴儿的被子了，似乎鹳鸟不会光顾我了(注：英语神话故事中，传说小孩都是由鹳鸟带来的)

Here if without explanation, readers are very likely to be confused with that image of stork, they do not know the relationship between stork and child, so this concept is totally strange to them. Because of the explanation the acceptance of metaphor is established.

3.0 Relevance Theory and Translation

3.1 Problems of Translation

Translation offers unique opportunities for cross-cultural communication, but it also has important limitations which –if ignored, may endanger the success of translation. The causes of failures in translation are varied, ranging from misunderstanding of the original to insufficient mastery of the receptor language. In the literature by far the greatest attention seems to be given to matters of language difference, that is, to problems that arise from lexical and structural differences between languages. Textbooks on translation thrive on examples where translation failed because the differences between the languages had not been observed properly by the translator, and there is little point in either reproducing those examples or adding new ones to the list. (Gutt 2000: 179)

The most obvious and most commonly acknowledged limitations are those imposed by the linguistic differences between source and target language. These differences may make it very difficult, if not impossible in places, to achieve the intended degree of interpretive resemblance. Hence the actual resemblance may fall short of expectations and may also vary at different points in the text. One of the consequences of these difficulties is that the translator will do well to inform–where relevant–both his/her client and the target audience about such limitations in appropriate ways.

The other major difficulty is that of contextual background difference; though it often affects the success of the translation at least as much language differences, its full significance seems to have been recognized by few practioners and theoreticians alike. No matter what the translator does in the translated text itself, the understanding of the target audience will crucially depend on the context in which it processes it. This context-dependence is built-into human nature and affects translation as much as it does any other form of human communication.

3.2 Features of Relevance Theory

The theory of conversational implicature has opened a new way of explaining the use of language, and caught the attention of linguists immediately. However, there is some inconsistency and redundancy among the cooperative principle and its maxims.

Based on cooperative principle，relevance theory was proposed by Sperber and Wilson in 1986 in order to improve Grice’s theory. They attempt to reduce Grice’s conventions to a single principle: be relevant. Since then, the relevance theory has been widely discussed in the field of cognitive pragmatics during the decades. In the theory, utterance communication is a kind of cognitive activity includi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。