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摘要：According to Tom Mcarthru (1992:96), nominalization is, on one hand,the process oroutcome of turning a noun from a word which belongs to another word class:reading/readings and shaving/shavings derived from read and shave by adding一ing;

definition
    Jerz (2000) once defined nominalization as a procedure of changing a verb or anadjective into a noun.
Table 1.1 Definition of Nominalization by Jerz
┌───┬───────┬─────┬───────┐
│verb │nominalization│adjective │nominalization│
├───┼───────┼─────┼───────┤
│pay   │payment       │happy     │happiness     │
├───┼───────┼─────┼───────┤
│receme│receival      │hesitant │hesitancy     │
├───┼───────┼─────┼───────┤
│decide│decision      │bad       │badness       │
└───┴───────┴─────┴───────┘
    This definition defines nominafization in a narrow sense, and cannot cover all thesituations of nominafization.
    (2) Tom Mcarthru's definition
    According to Tom Mcarthru (1992:96), nominalization is, on one hand,the process oroutcome of turning a noun from a word which belongs to another word class:reading/readings and shaving/shavings derived from read and shave by adding一ing; and onthe other hand, the process or result of deriving a noun phrase by transformation from a finiteclause: their rejection of my invitation from They rejected my invitation. So according toMcarthru, there are two kinds of nominalizations: one is on the word level; the other is on the
clausal and phrasal level. This definition extends nominalization, but it is so broad to includeall linguistic factors. It cannot tell nominalizations from ordinary nouns.
    The two definitions above focus on the variations at lexical orsyntactic level. They donot think about functions or meanings of nominalization in discourse or in a clause.
    (3) Definition in Rutledge Dictionary
    Another definition according to Rutledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics(1996:327) is, "nominalization is changes of nouns from another word class". For instance, itcan be seen as the derivation from verbs (feeling, swearing,), or fromadjectives (redness, thegood, one's contemporaries), but also from another noun (womanhood, childhoo动”.So wecan see that nominalization is a process of word formation, and during this formation process,all words can be used as nouns.
    Thus we can summarize that nominalization is a morphological or word-formationprocess to produce a noun or noun phrase. Actually, conjunctions, particles, and other all thewords can be nominafized. This definition considers nominalization as the product of the

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