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partment of State in its annual trafficking of persons report downgraded Singapore to Tier 2 since the opening of casinos (The WIP 2011). There has been an increase in loan shark and money laundering cases. In the first 9 months of 2011, there 24 percent rise in illegal money laundering and harassment, with a total of 10,439 cases. The number of arrests in these cases were 1,492, a rise by 24 percent (The Star 2012). Another social impact of casinos is that it has failed to help increases salaries for low income workers while encouraging more conspicuous display of wealth. However, the feared growth in organized crime never emerged and crimes relating to gambling has also dropped. Singapore's crime rate dropped 5.3 percent in 2011 from 2010, lowest in 20 years, whereas casino related crime (cases of theft, counterfeiting and cheating) has been steady at a less than 2 percent of total crime in 2010 & 2011 (Wall Street Journal 2012).

South Africa's gaming industry's gross gambling revenue in financial year 2011/2012 grew by 7.5% to R18.4 billion. In fiscal year 2011/2012 South Africa's 37 casinos paid nearly R4.7 billion to government revenue through 36 percent gross casino tax. R10.1 billion was invested in casinos between 1997 to 2000, representing 2.1% of the total South African capital formation. Also, social and responsible gambling programs were funded with more than R80 million (CASA 2012). Presently, there are 830 table games and 22,688 slot machines in all over South Africa's casinos. Casino industry has generated almost 100,000 direct and indirect new jobs, also adding 7,000 hotel rooms and two international convention centers (CASA 2012).

Montecasino is located at Fourways, Johannesburg North is Gauteng's leading entertainment destination. It was first opened on 30 November 2000. Montecasino entertainment complex offers a world class gaming, leisure, entertainment and shopping experience. Montecasino entertainment complex encompasses 3 hotels, The Palazzo Montecasino offering 246 rooms, Southern Sun Montecasino offering 194 rooms & SunSquare Montecasino offering 179 rooms. Montecasino was built and designed at a cost of R1.6 billion rand by Bentel associates international. Montecasino currently attracts over 9.3 million visitors annually. Montecasino has two smoking casinos and a non-smoking, with more than 70 gaming tables, from Poker, Craps, Blackjack, American Roulette & Baccarat to novelty games like Life of Luxury, Wheel of Fortune and progressive slots jackpots and 1700 slot machines. Montecasino is also the largest of Gauteng's five casinos, covering 38 hectares of prime real estate in the northern suburbs of Johannesburg. Montecasino's theme is Monumental theme and design is of ancient Tuscan village. The casino building has an imitation of sky painted on the rooftop, from one side to the other going light to dark (Montecasino 2012).

综合度假胜地的政治影响——Political impacts of integrated resorts

Before the introduction of the National Gambling Act in that year, South Africa had a flourishing illegal gambling industry controlled by whites, offered gamblers no safeguard against fraud, was readily available to minors and totally ignored problems associated with compulsive and problem gambling. A decade later, illegal machines are down from approximately 150 000 to less than 10 000, while the number of legal machin本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。