英语论文网

ritative tone immediately convince its readers of the accuracy and the validity of the steps they have to perform, even though it may be new to them and highly complex. The imperative sentence in EST specification texts often begins with strong verb. For example:
 1) Keep this equipment away from water.
 2) Push this button.
 3) Never pour any liquid into the opening that could cause damage or electrical shock.
 Apart from the imperative sentence, the statement type of sentence is also a major sentence type in EST specifications. Most of them are simple sentences, which present not very much structural difficulty in understanding. Two basic simple sentence patterns are SVO and SVC: They have one subject and one verb and they can express one complete thought.
In the EST, these simple sentences are often used to tell one basic task or one bit of useful information to the consumer, because a simple sentence is economical and can be read more easily than lengthy and complex sentences. This simple sentence structure is also considered as a foundation upon which to build specifications. For example:
 1) Your PICTURE TUBE is highly evacuated.
 2) Total darkness or a reflection on the picture screen can cause eyestrain.
 Succinctness of sentences is the primary feature of EST specifications from the point of syntactics. The translator commits to have the simplicity features in the target text while translating from the source text. On the other hand, do not treat the imperative sentences into stative sentences and vice versa.
 
 III. The Translation Principles for EST Specification Translation Based on the Skopos Theory
 Based on the Skopos theory, the author proposed some principles for EST specification translations. Guided by these principles, translators would make the target text understood and accepted by target consumers much easier, meanwhile, transmit the information of source text much better.
 3.1 A Brief Introduction of Skopos Theory
 Skopos is the Greek word for “aim” or “purpose” and was introduced into translation theory in the 1970s by Hans J. Vermeer as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the section of translating. It predates Holz–Manttari’s theory of translational action, but can be considered as part of it since it deals with translational action. The general theory is explained in detail in the book co-authored by Vermeer and Reiss in 1984.
 Vermeer explains the Skopos theory that each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose .Text should be written /translated in a way that enables it to function in the situation in which it is used and with people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. (Vermeer, 1989:173)
The Skopos theory means all the aspects of a translation are decided by the general purpose of a translation. Its translation principles are embodied in three rules: the Skopos rule, which holds that a translational action is determined by its general Skopos; the intratextual coherence rule, which specifies that the translated text must be acceptable with the receivers’ situation and the norms of the local culture; and the Intertextual coherence, which concerns the degree of faithfulness to the original text, in that order in terms of importance.
&nb本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。