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clearly shows that the core of culture is the differences.
 3.2.3 The Principle Embodied in the Intertextual Coherence Rule
 As a translation is an offer of information about a preceding offer information, it should bear some relationship with the corresponding source text. Vermeer calls it “intertextual coherence” or “fidelity”. One possible kind of intertextual coherence is a faithful imitation of the source text. Intertextual coherence is considered subordinate to intratextual coherence and both are subordinate to the Skopos rule.
 The Skopos theory allows a same text to be translated in different ways according to the purpose of the target text and the commission that is given to the translator .However, to what extent the source text type determines the translation method and what the logic of the link between the source text type and translation Skopos is are still at issue.
 Though in the Skopos theory, fidelity is put in the third place, it plays a key role in specification translation, because of the specific purpose of specification translation.
 First from morality, faithfulness means a translator must be faithful to the source text, even under special requirement of the translation commissioner. For example: A cosmetic manufacturer considers the sales of the product, asks the translator to exaggerate the effect of the cosmetics. Under this requirement, the translator must choose faithfulness, no matter how much is paid. Because a translator must be responsible for his translation and make sure that his/her translated work does not have any falsehood or exaggeration.
Second, the translation must be accurate and complete. Every translator pursues accuracy and completeness, but limited by one’s language ability, the goals are very hard to obtain. One’s proficiency decides whether he can completely pass the source text information. Translators should keep improving his/her technical knowledge of the field which he/she is always in to achieve the goal of faithfulness and loyalty.
 
 IV. Translation Methods and Sample Analysis of EST Specification
Translation principles have already been set up in the above part. Proper methods are needed to support these principles. This part will discuss what translation methods can be employed to realize the purpose of the original specifications. Just like translation strategy, translation methods are objective. Translator can choose proper translation methods according to his translation purpose. Furthermore, a sample analysis will be given to prove them.
 4.1 The Translation Methods of EST Specifications
 4.1.1 Literal Translation
 The literal translation is to translate each word literally, maintaining the sense and form of the original text. Literal translation attempts to translate the semantic features of the source language into the target language. It attempts to recreate the precise flavor and tone of the source language.
Since English and Chinese specifications have the same referent and pragmatic function, and the translation of specifications is usually more literal, mechanical, automatic and humdrum with identical intentions of the author of the source text, literal translation can fulfill the intended functions of specification translation.
 Literal translation can be word-for-word translation or one-to-one translation. 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。