摘要:In order to be a good specification translator, one must first acquire enough technical knowledge of the target field. Basic technical knowledge background plays an important role in specification translation and it is the premise and guarantee of a good translation work.
sp;3.2 The Translation Principles Embodied in the Three Rules
3.2.1 The Principle Embodied in the Skopos Rule
According to Skopos theory, the prime principle determining any translation process is the purpose of the overall translation action ( Nord, 2001). Vermeer gives an explanation about the Skopos rule in the following way: Each text is produced for a given purpose and should serve this purpose. The Skopos rule thus reads as follows: translate/interpret/speak/write in a way that enables your text/translation to function in the situation in which it is used and with people who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it to function. (Vermeer, 1989: 173)
Obviously, the Skopos has to be negotiated between the clients and the translator, however, in most cases the initiator will not bother to give a detailed translation brief and the translator has to decide on the Skopos of the EST specification, the translation
strategy and the translation type and so on according to his own competence and responsibility.
As the top-ranking rule of the Skopos theory, Skopos rule means the translation purpose or purposes decide all the other aspects of translating action. Before translating a specification, a translator had better have an in-depth and thorough reading and then analyze it with the following questions
●What kind of specification is it?
●What are the contents of the specification?
●What are the language features and text types?
●What are the purposes of the original writer?
●Who will be the target reader?
●What translation principles and methods can be applied?
Only after finding the answers to these questions can the translator have a start. While translating the specification, the translator should always bear the purposes of the source texts in mind and enable the translation to function in the target language situation in which it is used with consumers who want to use it and precisely in the way they want it function.
3.2.2The Principle Embodied in the Intratextual Coherence Rule
In order to make the receiver get the exact information from the translation, a translator should produce a text which should conform to the standard of “intratextual coherence”. This means that the receiver is able to understand it; it should make sense in the communicative situation and culture where it is received. This is defined as another rule of Skopos theory, the coherence rule, which specifies that a translation should be acceptable in a sense that it is part of the receiver’s situation.
The Skopos theory believes that the translated text must be coherent with the receiver’s situation. That means the translated text should not contain cultural barriers.
In the process of translating, cultural barriers exist; it demands translators’ attention, because they may result in misunderstanding and even serious dangers. For example: It is better to translate the computer vocabulary “monitor” into “显示器”on the mainland, while in Taiwan, it should be translated into “监视器”, which is more familiar with the local people.
Culture is defined by Vermeer as “the entire setting of norms and conventions an individual as a member of his society must know in order to be ‘like everybody’ —or to be able to be different from everybody”(Vermeer 1978a:28) The definition
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