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and “domestication” are new to the Chinese, but the concepts they carry have been at least for a century at the center of most translation controversies. Lu Xun once said that: “Before translating the translator has to make a decision: either to adapt the original text or to retain as much as possible the foreign flavor of the original text” ( Xu, in Luo,1984;315).
 Literature translation prefers to keep the cultural differences creating an exotic world, but the purposes of specification translation require the translator to avoid the exoticism, and try to remove these cultural barriers for reader’s convenience. So in EST specification translation, it is suggested to localize these cultural differences.
 Generally speaking, domestication mainly includes four steps: 1) consciously use a natural and smooth target language;2) adjust the translated text to the target text form; 3) add explanatory materials; 4) coordinate the value and conventions of the source text with the target text. 
4.2 Sample Analysis of Translation of EST Specifications
In this part, the EST Specification translation strategy and methods which we found in the above parts will be applied in an EST specification translation case, in order to demonstrate how effectively it guides translators to achieve their purposes of translations.
 Direction: SOLDERING AND SILVER BRAZING
 焊接与银钎焊
 Analyze the application to determine which valve is best suited for installations, keeping in mind the service for which the valve is recommended. Before installing the correct valve, review the installation instructions to prevent damage to the valve and to assure its maximum efficiency.
      务必记住所推荐的阀门的用途是什么，并对所应用的环境进行分析，这样才能决定最适合于安装什么样的阀门。在安装正确的阀门之前，为了防止损坏阀门，并保证充分发挥阀门的工作性能，请阅读以下安装指南。
 Cut tube end square. Ream, burr and size.
 先沿着垂直方向切割管道，并修整、去除毛刺，测量管径。
     Use sand cloth or steel wire brush to clean both ends to a bright metal finish. Steel wool is not recommended.
     Apply flux to outside of tube and inside of solder cup. Surfaces to be joined must be completely covered. Use flux sparingly.
     使用纱布或钢丝刷清除管道和切割部位，使其金属表面发光发亮。建议不要使用钢丝绒。
       在管道的外面和焊接罩的内部涂上焊剂，焊剂必须完全覆盖焊接表面。请有节制地使用焊剂。
      Be sure that valve is fully open. Apply heat to tube first. Transfer as much heat as possible through tube into valve. Avoid prolonged heating of valve itself.
      要确保阀门处于开启状态。先对管道加热。尽可能多的将热从管道传递到阀门。避免延长阀门本身的加热时间。
     Silver Brazing Method: Assemble parts to be brazed. If fluxed parts are allowed to stand, the water in the flux will evaporate, and dried flux is liable to flake off, exposing metal surfaces to oxidation. Assemble joint by inserting tube into socket hard against the stop. The assembly should be firmly supported so that it will remain in alignment during the brazing operation.
      银钎焊的方法：对需要进行钎焊的部件进行组装。如果允许涂上焊剂的部件处于直立状态，那么焊剂中的水分会蒸发掉，而干燥的焊剂很容易脱落，致使暴露的金属表面容易被氧化。在进行连接组装时，要将管道插入管套直到遇到阻挡为止。组装是要保证有稳固的支撑，使得整个钎焊操作过程中能够保持在直线位置。
  NOTE: On one-inch and larger valves, it is difficult to bring the whole joint up to temperature at one time. It will frequently be found desirable to use a double-tip torch to mai本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。