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ntain the proper temperature over the larger area. A mild pre-heating of the whole socket area is recommended. Apply heat to parts to be joined. The preferred method is by oxy-acetylene flame. Heat tube first, beginning one inch from edge of valve. Sweep flame around tube in short strokes up and down at right angles to run of tube. To avoid burning through tube, the flame should be in continuous motion and not allowed to remain on any one point.
     注：对于1英寸(2.54公分)或更大公称通径的阀门，一次性将连接部件加热到所需温度比较困难。为了在整个大面积上保持正常的温度，通常情况下需要两个焊枪。建议对整个管套区域进行适当的预热。建议采用乙炔火焰对连接部件进行加热。首先从离阀门1英寸（2.54公分）的地方开始对管道进行加热，然后围绕着管道短距离上下交替对管道进行火焰烘烤，并以适当的角度旋转管道，避免烧穿管道。火焰要连续运动，不允许停留在某一点上。
     Apply flame to valve at base of socket. Heat uniformly, sweeping flame from valve to tube until flux on valve becomes quiet. Avoid excessive heating of valve.
     在阀门的套筒底座用火焰进行烘烤。加热要均匀，用火焰对阀门及管道进行火焰烘烤的过程要延续到阀门上的焊剂不再发出声音。不要对阀门过度加热。
     When flux appears liquid and transparent on both tube and valve, start sweeping flame back and forth along axis of joint to maintain heat on parts to be joined, especially toward base of valve socket.
 　　当焊剂变成液态并且在管道和阀门上呈现半透明状态时，开始将火焰沿着连接部件的轴线进行进退烘烤，以保持连接部件、特别是阀门套筒底座部位的热度。
     Use just enough solder: with wire solder, use 3/4" for a 3/4" valve, etc. If too much solder is used, it may flow past tube stop and clog sealing area. When joint is filled, a continuous run of solder or brazing alloy will be visible.
     使用适量的焊料：如果使用线状焊料，那么对公称通径为3/4英寸（1.905公分）的阀门就要采用3/4英寸（1.905公分）的焊料，等等。如果使用的焊料太多，那么有些焊料可能会流过管道阻挡部位，并堵塞密封区域。在安装连接部件时，可以看到焊料和钎焊合金继续流动
     This EST specification aims to inform consumers how to install valve in order to achieve its full performance and avoid some misusing dangers.
 From the translation, We can see literal translation takes large proportion of the translation version. Let’s see some examples: “SOLDERING AND SILVER BRAZING” “焊接与银钎焊”, “Use sand cloth or steel wire brush to clean both ends to a bright metal finish.” “使用纱布或钢丝刷清除管道和切割部位，使其金属表面发光发亮”, “Apply flame to valve at base of socket.” “在阀门的套筒底座用火焰进行烘烤.”, “Use just enough solder.” “使用适量焊料.” All these examples above are literal translations, and we can also see that most literal translations are one-to-one translations, while word-for-word translation is rare. The translator has changed the collocation of the sentence in order to appropriately meet Chinese expression.
When Literal translation can not convey the original meaning properly free translation shows its power.
 1)“Before installing the correct valve, review the installation instructions to prevent damage to the valve and to assure its maximum efficiency”, “assure its maximum efficiency” means “保证它的最大功效” or “最大效率” literally in Chinese, but it sounds odd to Chinese consumers. The translator treats it into “保证充分发挥阀门的工作性能”, which is much more acceptable in Chinese.
 2) “Steel wool is not recommenced.” is not translated into “钢丝绒不被推荐” but into “不推荐使用钢丝绒” A passive sentence in English is translated as an active sentence in Chinese, since “钢丝绒不被推荐” is not in line with Chinese expressive convention.
 Localization method is also applied in this EST specification. For example:
 On the measurement, 3/4n is not directly translated as “3/4英寸” but  “1.905公分”. In本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。