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ned. It was A.D.447 Persian General Mardonius was murdered in Plataea and left a large number of treasures. Polycrates went to find the treasures but there was nothing. Someone implied him to “ransack all the stones”，and finally he fund the treasures. This legend told us we should try our best to make our dreams true. This allusion is translated into “千方百计”. Because the two cultures’ history development backgrounds are different，their cultural differences are also in words. Such as English idioms“It is necessary to use a steam hamper to crack nuts”. It means “不必小题大做”. It showed that the British had entered the big machine age using air-hammer but china was in a state of production primarily.

The English countries deeply affected by the ancient Greek、Rome and Christian cultures. It provided a lot of idioms and allusions for English，such as coming from Greek mythology’s “Achilles’ heel” means“致命的弱点”、“Pandora’s box”means “无穷的灾难”. But in China，oriental myth、Buddhism、Taoism affected Chinese’ life，formed a lot of rich meaning words in Chinese. Such as “牛郎织女”. There is a sentence“Mary crossed her fingers during the race so that Tom would win”. In our daily life we often see this kind of translation “玛丽比赛时交叉双手为汤姆祈祷，以便汤姆能赢”but this sentence’s right translation is “比赛时玛丽为汤姆祈祷，但愿他能赢”. Because praying was an important ceremony for western Christians with fingers crossing and clicking chest three times. So “cross fingers”in English means “祈祷上帝保佑”. Another sentences “Being a teacher is being present at the creation，when the clay begins to breathe”. Many people are puzzled with “creation clay”. Based on the bible is “God created man with mud and gave him life”. So “creation”in English means “God”but “clay”means “The man who is created by God”. The author implied the job of teacher was scared using this sentence just as God created man，teacher shaped student’s characteristics. After understanding these words’ cultural connotation this sentence could be translated into “老师是创造的见证人，目睹生命呼吸生长”. And as “It is hard to sit in Rome and strive against the pope” this sentence translates into “人在屋檐下，哪能不低头”more than “身居罗马，难与教皇争”. The apple of one’s eye(珍贵的事物)，a drop of the bucket(沧海一粟)，fig leaves(遮羞布)，they are all came from religious.

III. Conclusion

The differences of cultures often lead to the differences of understanding and bring a lot of problems in communication. It is more serious on the culture of language and behavior which are difficult to accept or the obstacles and errors caused by the reason of culture than the language itself misnomer sentence、the obstacles and errors caused by the improper sentences. To avoid this phenomenon’s appearance，we should take measures in the following aspects：First，we should investigate English and Chinese languages’ research and analysis from a lot of aspects to make us understand the differences of languages and cultures to realize the smooth communication of cross-culture. Second，we should contact with western cultures by literary works、film and television works understanding western cultures to create conditions learning English.


五、参考书目

Reference

1.Bradford，J. Exchange challenge 【M】. 马争旗译. 北京：北京广播学院出版社，2003

2.Hendin， J. A concise companion to post-war American literature and culture 【M】. Oxford：Blackwell Publishers，2004

3.Larry.A Watts， Cross culture communication.闵惠泉.北京教育出版社，2004 4.Searle，J. What本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。