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ce“Japan stays ahead of China in quarterly growth”,theformer sentence with ideational metaphor varies grammatically intransitivity construction,i.e.the process“stay”is replaced by adifferent process“see”;meanwhile“Quarterly growth”is made theparticipant,or the“senser”of the metal process“see”.Below aremore examples with ideational grammatical metaphor in onlineEnglish news（Sentence 1 represents the metaphorical sentence;Sentence 2 represents Sentence 1’s congruent equivalence）:
a.1 Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo fulfilled a quest that hadpreviously eluded them.
a.2 Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo fulfilled a quest that theypreviously failed to fulfill.
b.1 The husband－and－wife team had retired from Olympiccompetition,but was coaxed back by the hope of claiming gold.
b.2 The husband－and－wife team had retired from Olympiccompetition,but they hoped to win gold.So they came back to thegame.
c.1 An injury forced her to stay home.
c.2 She injured herself,and had to stayed home.Comparing sentence c.1 with sentence c.2,we can notice theverb“injured”（process）is replaced by its noun form“injury”（participant）to create ideational metaphor.Similarly,in sentenceb.1 the verb“hoped”is reworded as a noun“hope”.In a word,inboth c.2 and b.2,processes and properties are“rewordedmetaphorically as nouns”.［1］This phenomenon belongs to whatHalliday terms“nominalization”,the“most powerful”device forproducing grammatical metaphor.
One feature of nominalization is that it can sometimes increasethe sentence’s lexical density.This decides nominalization’s popularityin online English news writing,where brevity and pithiness arerequired.By turning intricate clausal patterns into simple nominalconstructions,nominalization helps to pack information densely intoonline news article,making it concise in style and rich in information.At the same time,the news could also rank higher in popular newssearching engines such as Google News,since many online readerssearch news by keywords,and news with a high information densityoften has a better chance to come at top positions in search engines.
In addition,nominalization helps to avoid passing obscure orunclear information to readers,thus giving online English news asense of accuracy and professionalism.For example,whenreporting about a Hamas official killed by an unidentified person,itis better to write“Last month’s slaying of a top Hamas official...”than“Somebody slew a top Hamas official last month...”In thelatter congruent expression,the mention of the actor“somebody”makes the news seem to be unprofessional written,as if thejournalist has not investigated fully before releasing his article.While in the former incongruent expression,by nominalizing theprocess“slew”into its noun form“slaying”,the unidentified actorof the process“slew”is left out naturally.It is in this way thatnominalization enables online news to achieve precision.
3.2 Interpersonal metaphors in online English newsIn SFG,the interpersonal metafunction of language concernsboth modality and mood.Hence two kinds of interpersonalmetaphor can be distinguished:metaphors of modality andmetaphors of mood.
3.2.1 Metaphors of modalityIn metaphors of modality,modal meaning is expressed“outside the clause”,for instance in a separated projecting clause,while congruently it should be expressed“in the clause”by meansof modal elements.In online journalism,metaphors of modality areoften employed to realize modal meaning“explicitly”in additionalclauses.For ex本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。