文化背景知识和翻译 [2]
论文作者:陈素芳论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:15627
论文字数:7015论文编号:org200904102259543786语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:culturetranslationcultural background knowledge文化翻译文化背景知识
les and often course different comprehension and even conflicts. Examples are Christianity in the west countries and Islam in the Muslin countries. Arts comprise painting,
architecture, sculpture, literature, opera, dancing, music etc. (Some people maintain that film is also a sort of the arts.) Ethics is a set of principles that people use to decide what is right and what is wrong.
The scope of culture is not measurable. Language is a part of it. All languages grow on the ground of certain cultures.[3] Different languages are not just used, but also created in different cultural situations. Thus languages bear their characteristics in accordance with those of specific cultures. To understand the language appropriately, we have to analyze the cultural characteristics of it.
Language is a system of sounds, words, patterns, ect used by human’s to communicate thoughts and feelings. We begin our preview of language by noting that it is impossible to separate our use of language from our culture. In its most basic sense, language is a set of symbols and the rules for combining those symbols that are used and understood by a large community of people. When we study another language, we soon discover that not only are the symbols (words) and sounds for those symbols different, but also are the rules (phonology, grammar, syntax and intonation) for using those symbols and sounds.
Word differences are obvious in various languages. In English, we live in a house. In Spanish, we live in a casa. In Tai, we live in a ban. Phonology also varies culturally. In English, we have 21 consonants and 5 vowels and combine to form 38 various phonemes. Vietnamese has 34 segmental phonemes consisting of vowels, semi-vowels and consonants. The Filipino language has 21 consonants and 13 vowels that form 26 phonemes. Grammatical structures are unique to each language as well. In English, we have singular and plural nouns and pronouns, but in Korean, the distinction between singular and plural is made by the context of the sentence. In English, verb tenses express contrast between past, present, and future acts, but in Vietnamese, the same verb reflects all three and the time of the action is inferred from the context. Syntax, or the word order and structure in the sentence, also varies depending on the language. The normal word order for simple sentences in Vietnamese is the reverse of the word order in English. That is, the predicate is followed by the subject. For example, the English sentence "The teacher died" would be "Namatay ang guro" or "Died the teacher" in Filipino. In English the subject is followed by a verb and then an object, but in Japanese, the subject is followed by the object and then the verb. So in English we might say, "John saw the dog." but in Japanese, "John the dog saw" would be correct. [4]
These examples indicate that if we want to communicate in another language, it is important for us to know not only the symbols (words) of that language, but also the rules for using those symbols. As we know, language is much more than symbol and rule system that allow us to communicate with other person——language also shape the process by which people become introduced to the order of the physical and social environment.
2.2 Relationship between language and culture
Language and culture influence each other, reflect each other and co-exist with each other. Different cultures result in different language. Different languages in turn cause different
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