文化背景知识和翻译 [4]
论文作者:陈素芳论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:15617
论文字数:7015论文编号:org200904102259543786语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:culturetranslationcultural background knowledge文化翻译文化背景知识
the quality of the continuum is a reflection of the Chinese belief in the principle of nature, yin (passive) and yang (active). This polite principle combines to produce everything that comes to be. It makes people more concordant and avoids the communication conflict.
We have alluded to the fact that the use of direct and indirect language is a major linguistic difference between North Americans and many Asian cultures, such as the Chinese. Most North Americans learn to say yes and no as a means of expressing their individual views. Being a collective culture, the Chinese usually use yes and no to express the respect for the feeling of the others. In other words, to say yes for no or no for yes is largely a reflection of the indirect approach to communication. For example, Chinese and English have a different answer for “you are not a student, are you?” For the Chinese students, he will answer:“不,我是学生。”For the English student, he will answer: " yes, I am " That is because the western people chose "question-oriented ", and the Chinese chose fact-oriented through which undesirable interpersonal communication can be avoided. This contrary-to-face-value aspect of Asian verbal language behavior can be confusing to North Americans.
The indirect use of language is evident in ways other than the use of yes and no. For example, an American host or hostess, when complimented on his of her cooking, is likely to respond, "Oh, I am so glad you like it. I cooked it especially for you." In contrast, the Chinese host and hostess will instead apologize profusely for giving you nothing even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor for not providing enough dishes.
Another example of Chinese indirect language is evident in their practice of politely refusing an offer three times before they accept. It has also left many Chinese hungry at an American table. An American hostess commented on this situation:
Once you have learnt the signal and how to respond, life becomes infinitely easier. When Chinese guest comes, I know I should immediately ask if they'd like a cup of tea. They will respond, "Please don't bother,” which is my signal to fetch tea.
The language of English is used differently as we move among many English-speaking countries. In Great Britain, the language is interspersed with euphemisms that enable the speakers to avoid expressing strong feelings. For instance, when English persons wish to disagree with someone, they are liable to preface a request, as in "I'd be awfully grateful if •••" of "Thank you very much indeed. This restraint is also very evident in the differences between American and British word choice". Compare the following signs in the United States and in England:
U.S.: "No dogs allowed."
England: "We regret that in the interest of hygiene, dogs are not allowed in the
premises."
U.S.: "Video controlled."
England: "Notice: In the interest of our regular customers, these premises are
now equipped with central security-circuit television. "
U.S.: "Please keep hands off door.”
England: "Obstructing the door causes delay and can be dangerous.”
From the above discussion, we may conclude that how the British uses English reflects their pursuing of politeness and friendliness, while the Americans stress accuracy and simplicity. Comparatively, the Chinese prefers middle value and try to avoid polarity.
Our goal in this section has been to convey the fact that, different language and culture l
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