文化背景知识和翻译 [3]
论文作者:陈素芳论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-10编辑:黄丽樱点击率:15625
论文字数:7015论文编号:org200904102259543786语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:culturetranslationcultural background knowledge文化翻译文化背景知识
communicative patterns and finally differences between cultures.
Language and its cultural influence are exemplified in the theoretical formulations of the Sapir-Whorf hypo
thesis, which states that Sapir and Whorf believe that language filters people’s perception and the way they categorize experiences. This hypothesis implies that proclaimed that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave. That is to say, different languages offer people different ways of expressing the world around, they think and speak differently [5]. Sapir wrote: Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of the expression of their society... The real world is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group. No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels attached.
A good illustration of this point is the word snow in Eskimo and English. The Eskimos have countless words for snow. For them snow is extremely important and so crucial to life that each of its various forms and conditions is named. In English-speaking cultures, snow is far less important and the simple word snow usually suffices the needs. When some needs become more specific, however, longer phrases can be made up to meet these needs: "corn snow", "fine powder snow ", and "drifting snow". Once again this proves that there is a connection between the words a culture selects and the ideas and things of that culture. In short, each culture presents to its members, either consciously or subconsciously through words, the ideas and concepts that culture transmits from generation to generation [6].
Another instance of how language defines experience can be seen in the Navajo language, which emphasis the nature and the direction of movement. Rather than saying, "One dresses," the Navajo would say, one move into clothing." Instead of saying, "One is young," the Navajo would say, "One moves about newly." Language is one aspect of the Navajo nature that coincides with the notion of universe in motion.
Although complete acceptance of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis may be controversial, its application of culture and language is clear: language is the reflection of culture, and culture is a shape of language. We have seen that culture influences language by way of symbols and rules as well as our perception of the universe. Equally important is the fact that meaning shifts from culture to culture.
2.3 Different language and culture lead to different communicative pattern
Chinese communication pattern and use of language are similar to those of Japanese and Koreans. The Chinese tend to be situation-oriented and to view events in relation to the totality. For the Chinese, this total view, an is-or-is-not polarity is avoided. In English, people and thing are placed in a continuum—big and small, good and bad, black and white. For the Chinese, middle values are articulated and a reciprocal relationship between the two extremes is emphasized. For example, the Chinese may refer to love and hate as deference and politeness, they would like to say:”我对她有点意思!”instead of “我爱她!”, and”我懒得理他!”instead of “我讨厌他!”. This focus on
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