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　　The change of images in Chinese-English interpretation is almost inevitable because of the diversity between the two cultures. Although both the Chinese and the Westerners share some cultural phenomena and literal translation is feasible in some cases, some images in Chinese that cause no visual problems for Chinese still become visually ridiculous or lose the communicative meaning implied when they are literally rendered to western tourists. Cultural substitution is a feasible way to overcome the intercultural communicative barrier of imagery confrontations.

　　Example 4:

　　绿林好汉

　　Version 1: The Greenwood Hero

　　Version 2: Chinese Robin Hood

　　In this example, “绿林”vividly describes the environmental features of the Greenwood Heroes ’ residence. However, the western tourists who know a little about Chinese characters may have difficulties to understand the literal translation of these images. Thus a literal rendering in English version 1 will be neither informative nor attractive, failing to achieve the Skopos of guide-interpreting. While in Target Version 2, the use of such words of “Robin Hood”, which are familiar images in western culture, can both arouse the tourists interest and exclude their confusion in Chinese characters.

　　5.4 Reconstruction.

　　The language structures in Chinese and English are influenced by different thinking patterns and value systems. Chinese language structure tends to be indirect and abstract while English textual structure is apt to be concise and concrete[11] .

　　The fact that guide-interpreting is a language-based service with communicative function and that guide-interpreting is essentially tourist-oriented means that it is a must for guide-interpreters to bring the rendition in line with the target language structure in order to make tourists understand easily and get reliable information. Therefore, reconstruction is called for in guide-interpreting to communicate smoothly with tourists.

　　Example 5:

　　满树金花,芳香四溢的金桂;花白如雪,香气扑鼻的银桂;红里透黄,花味多浓的紫砂桂;花色似银,季季有花的西季桂;竞相开放,争妍媲美.进入桂林公园,阵阵扑鼻而来.(qtd. in China Tourism Bureau,2000,p.68)

　　The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of osmanthus trees. Flowers from these trees in different colors are in full bloom which pervade the whole garden with thefragrance of their blossoms.(textual structure alteration bythe author of this dissertation)

　　In the source language, the aim that the different sorts of osmanthuses are given a vivid description at length is to arouse the interests of tourists. However, the Chinese language structure seems too wordy and indirect to western tourists who may be at a loss what the text tends to convey if the detailed description of different sorts of flowers in the source text is rendered literally. So the interpreter chooses to delete the trivial details which cloud the main theme of the information and rearrange the structure in a concise and direct way. In this way, the Skopos of the guide-interpreting is given weight to and intercoherence is achieved.

　　This chapter set the examples of applying functionalism to the practical process of guide-interpreting to illustrate different strategies.

　　There are several strategies applied in C-E guide interpretation such as omission, amplification, substitution, reconstruction, paraphr本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。