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1.2 Grice’s Conversational Implicature (CI) Theory
The conversational implicature theory (abbreviated for CI) is one of the mostimportant theories in Pragmatics and it plays an important role in speechcommunication. It was originally proposed by a British-American linguisticphilosopher Herbert Paul Grice. His article The Causal Theory of Perception publishedin 1961 is the earliest reference to the theory of CI. Grice started to formulate his ideasabout this theory in the 1950s, but it was through his three speeches he delivered atWilliam James lectures at Harvard University in 1967 that this theory first came intobeing. Among these, the second lecture entitled “Logic and Conversation” came out in1975 in Syntax and Semantics, volume 3: Speech Acts. There he presented the theoryof Cooperative Principle (CP) by discussing the definition and contents of the CP andits four maxims and discussed the theory of CI by explaining how to generate theconversational implicature. In order to avoid the constant juggling between the terms‘imply, suggest, mean’ etc, he coins the verb ‘implicate’, along with the noun‘implicature’ (the act of implicating) and ‘implicatum’ (that which is implicated). Gricecoined the neologism implicature to differentiate between the terms such asimplication, suggestion and meaning. His theory of CI is used to explain the apparentdivergences between the logical devices and their language counterparts, that is, toexplain how the hearer gets from the layer of what is said to what is meant, from thelevel of literal meaning to the level of implied meaning. Leech points out that Grice'sproposition of the conversational implicature has realized the transition from meaningto implicature, which can be called a great breakthrough in the study of pragmatics andoffers an explanatory theory for the study of human speech communication (1983).As Blimes (1986: 27) states that in our daily conversation, we often makestatements that are not explicitly expressed or said but are simply implied by thesentence uttered by us. A sentence uttered in a special conversational situation mayproduce some extra meaning, something that is not said, something neither inherent inthe words used. That is, one can mean more than what is actually said. Grice alsomakes a distinction between conventional implicature and non-conventionalimplicature, in which conversational implicature is a subclass, to which he attachesgreat importance and pays much attention. In the situation of the former, the sameimplicature is always conveyed without taking the context into consideration, whereasunder the circumstance of the latter, the implied meaning is dependent on the specificcontext of an utterance. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce Grice’s CooperativePrinciple and its maxims in order to fully understand Grice’s Theory of ConversationalImplicature.

Chapter Two Application of Conversational................................... 27-43
    2.1 Fictional Dialogue vs. Everyday ...................................  27-30
    2.2 Feasibility of Applying CI Theory ...................................  30-31
    2.3 Analysis of Conversational ...................................  31-43
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