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Compared with other literary styles, legal English pays more attention to the subjectof the sentence or the executor of an action for the implementation of legal acts must beclear. Generally speaking, the executor should be the person or organization with theability to carry out the legal act, without which all legal provisions will become dead letters(Wang & Qi, 2018: 105).

There are a large number of sentences without subjects in the Chinese legal languagefor the vagueness and solemnity of the regulations or to make the source text concise andpowerful. Chinese is a paratactic language, which pays more attention to the coherence ofthe meaning of sentences rather than the effect of subjects. Due to the limitation ofgrammar rules, when the actor is unclear or does not need to be expressed, sentenceswithout subjects can be seen everywhere.

As a special literal style of practical value, legal text is stated by the plot and thesubject of the event, which are decided and reflected by the positions of the executor andthe person subject to the enforcement of the article. Therefore, the author intended to makeappropriate conversion between the active and passive voices according to the writinghabits and characteristics of English legal texts as well as find the most suitable subject forthe sentences in the translation process.

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Chapter Three Solutions to Major Issues and Difficulties..................... 22

3.1. Functional Equivalence Theory.......................22

3.2. Translation Principles..............................23

3.2.1. The Principle of Rigorousness........................23

3.2.2. The Principle ofAccuracy.............................24

3. Chapter Three Solutions to Major Issues and Difficulties

3.1. Functional Equivalence Theory

Translation standards are the criteria that translation activities must satisfy. It is ameasure of the quality of translations and a goal that translators should strive to achieve.Translation standard is the core of translation theory. Due to the long history of culturalexchange in translation, translators have different social and language backgrounds, whoseunderstandings and expectation values are different. Therefore, many translation standardshave been formed. Yan Fu put forward the “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”standard that translation should achieve. Fu Lei put forward the concept of “likeness”: “Interms of effect, translation should be like a painting, not in a shape but in a spirit.” Nidaproposed the “functional equivalence” theory, emphasizing that the reader’s reaction to thetranslation should be basically consistent with that to the original text, which is highly inaccordance with the expectation of translating informative texts concerning law andtechnology.

Functional equivalence means that the translation does not seek the rigidcorrespondence, but achieves functional equivalence between the two languages. It mainlyincludes three aspects: meaning, style and readers’ reflection. The equivalence includesfour aspects: lexical equivalence, syntactic equivalence, te本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。